College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Environ Pollut. 2011 Oct;159(10):2251-64. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.08.002. Epub 2010 Sep 15.
Nitrogen (N) deposition is an important component in the global N cycle that has induced large impacts on the health and services of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Anthropogenic reactive N (N(r)) emissions to the atmosphere have increased dramatically in China due to rapid agricultural, industrial and urban development. Therefore increasing N deposition in China and its ecological impacts are of great concern since the 1980s. This paper synthesizes the data from various published papers to assess the status of the anthropogenic N(r) emissions and N deposition as well as their impacts on different ecosystems, including empirical critical loads for different ecosystems. Research challenges and policy implications on atmospheric N pollution and deposition are also discussed. China urgently needs to establish national networks for N deposition monitoring and cross-site N addition experiments in grasslands, forests and aquatic ecosystems. Critical loads and modeling tools will be further used in N(r) regulation.
氮（N）沉降是全球氮循环的一个重要组成部分，它对全球陆地和水生生态系统的健康和服务产生了重大影响。由于中国农业、工业和城市的快速发展，人为活性氮（N(r)）向大气中的排放急剧增加。因此，自 20 世纪 80 年代以来，中国不断增加的氮沉降及其生态影响引起了极大的关注。本文综合了各种已发表文献的数据，评估了人为 N(r)排放和氮沉降的状况及其对不同生态系统的影响，包括不同生态系统的经验性临界负荷。还讨论了大气氮污染和沉积方面的研究挑战和政策意义。中国迫切需要建立全国性的氮沉降监测网络和草地、森林和水生生态系统的跨站点氮添加实验。临界负荷和模型工具将进一步用于 N(r)调控。
