Center for Child and Family Advocacy, Nationwide Children's Hospital,and Division of Child and Family Advocacy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2010 Oct;22(5):616-20. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e32833e1688.
Child maltreatment remains a prevalent problem for which notable best practices such as home visitation can be effective; however, most eligible families do not receive these beneficial services. Additionally, there are other promising prevention interventions to effectively address child maltreatment. This review focuses on the recent advances and strategies for child maltreatment prevention.
Although home visiting does not have a single clearly defined methodology of providing service to children and families, the general supportive framework to improve maternal, child, and family factors makes this intervention the most widely studied and accepted prevention strategy. However, there has been limited effectiveness for most models. The Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) has provided consistently positive results by targeting families with many risk factors by using highly trained professionals when implementing a research-based intervention. A promising public health approach to parent training (Triple P) may reduce maltreatment and out-of-home placement. Parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT), while a treatment model, is becoming an increasingly important approach to child maltreatment prevention. There may be an opportunity to reduce child maltreatment by enhancing care in the pediatric medical home setting.
Effective child maltreatment prevention efforts exist; however, not all programs provide the same effectiveness, or target the same maltreatment issues. Pediatricians are in a key position to offer support to families in their own practice, as well as to direct families to the appropriate resources available.
目的：虐待儿童仍然是一个普遍存在的问题，家访等显著的最佳实践可以对此有效；然而，大多数符合条件的家庭并没有得到这些有益的服务。此外，还有其他有前途的预防干预措施可以有效地解决虐待儿童问题。本综述重点介绍了虐待儿童预防的最新进展和策略。
发现：尽管家访没有为儿童和家庭提供服务的单一明确定义的方法，但改善母婴、儿童和家庭因素的一般支持框架使这种干预成为研究和接受最广泛的预防策略。然而，大多数模式的效果都很有限。母婴合作组织（NFP）通过为有许多风险因素的家庭提供服务，并在实施基于研究的干预措施时使用高度训练有素的专业人员，提供了一致的积极结果。一种有前途的公共卫生方法——父母培训（Triple P）可能会减少虐待和家庭外安置。亲子互动疗法（PCIT）虽然是一种治疗模式，但它正成为一种越来越重要的预防虐待儿童的方法。通过加强儿科医疗保健机构的护理，可能有机会减少儿童虐待。
总结：有效的虐待儿童预防措施确实存在；然而，并非所有项目都具有相同的效果，或者针对相同的虐待问题。儿科医生在为自己的实践中的家庭提供支持方面处于关键地位，并且可以指导家庭利用现有的适当资源。
