Donelan-McCall Nancy, Eckenrode John, Olds David L
Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, 13121 E. 17th Avenue, Mail Stop 8410, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2009 Apr;56(2):389-403. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2009.01.002.
For nearly two decades, home visitation has been promoted as a promising strategy to prevent child maltreatment, but reviews of the literature on home visiting programs have been mixed. This article examines how home visitation for the prevention of child maltreatment has evolved during the past 20 years. It reviews several home visitation programs focused on preventing child maltreatment and highlights the Nurse-Family Partnership home visitation program. It discusses how advocacy and public policy for prevention of child maltreatment have shifted from a general call to promote universal home visitation programs to a more refined emphasis on promoting programs that are evidence-based, targeted to those most at risk for maltreatment, and with infrastructure in place to ensure implementation with fidelity to the model tested in trials. Finally, it discusses how primary care providers may advocate to ensure that their patients have access to evidence-based home visiting programs that meet their needs.
近二十年来，家访一直被视作预防儿童虐待的一项颇具前景的策略，但对家访项目的文献综述结果却喜忧参半。本文探讨了在过去20年里，预防儿童虐待的家访是如何发展演变的。它回顾了几个专注于预防儿童虐待的家访项目，并重点介绍了护士-家庭伙伴关系家访项目。它讨论了预防儿童虐待的宣传和公共政策是如何从普遍呼吁推广普及家访项目，转变为更精准地强调推广基于证据的项目，这些项目针对的是受虐待风险最高的人群，并且具备相应基础设施，以确保能如实地按照试验中测试的模式来实施。最后，它讨论了初级保健提供者可以如何倡导，以确保他们的患者能够获得满足其需求的基于证据的家访项目。
