Galambos N L, Almeida D M, Petersen A C
Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, BC, Canada.
Child Dev. 1990 Dec;61(6):1905-14.
This longitudinal study of 200 young adolescent girls and boys (mean age 11.6 years in sixth grade) investigated the hypothesis that differences in masculinity, femininity, and sex role attitudes would intensify across the sixth, seventh, and eighth grades (between 11 and 13 years of age) and that pubertal timing (early, on time, late) would play a role in this intensification. Analyses revealed that sex differences in masculinity and sex role attitudes increased across grades, but not sex differences in femininity. Pubertal timing was not associated with this gender divergence, although the evidence is equivocal for boys. The results provide support for gender intensification, but the role of pubertal timing may not be as strong as previously supposed.
这项针对200名青少年男女（六年级平均年龄11.6岁）的纵向研究，调查了以下假设：男性气质、女性气质和性别角色态度的差异在六年级、七年级和八年级（11至13岁）期间会加剧，并且青春期发育时间（早、正常、晚）会在这种加剧过程中发挥作用。分析表明，男性气质和性别角色态度的性别差异随年级增加，但女性气质的性别差异并非如此。青春期发育时间与这种性别差异无关，尽管对男孩的证据并不明确。研究结果为性别强化提供了支持，但青春期发育时间的作用可能没有之前认为的那么大。
