Benherlal Palayyan Saraswathy, Arumughan Chami
Agro-Processing and Natural Products Division, Regional Research Laboratory, CSIR, Trivandrum-695 019, India.
J Sci Food Agric. 2007 Nov;87(14):2560-9. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2957.
Syzygium cumini, widely known as Jamun, is a tropical tree that yields purple ovoid fleshy fruit. Its seed has traditionally been used in India for the treatment of diabetes. Based on the available ethno-pharmacological knowledge, further studies were extended to understand the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of three anatomically distinct parts of fruit: the pulp, kernel and seed coat. Fruit parts, their corresponding ethanol extracts and residues were evaluated for chemical composition. The alcoholic extract was evaluated for its antioxidant potential against DPPH(•), OH(•), O(2) (•-) and lipid peroxidation. The whole fruit consisted of 666.0 ± 111.0 g kg(-1) pulp, 290.0 ± 40.0 g kg(-1) kernel and 50.0 ± 15.0 g kg(-1) seed coat. Fresh pulp was rich in carbohydrates, protein and minerals. Total fatty matter was not significant in all three parts of fruit. Detailed mineral analysis showed calcium was abundant in all fruit parts and extracts. Total phenolics, anthocyanins and flavonoid contents of pulp were 3.9 ± 0.5, 1.34 ± 0.2 and 0.07 ± 0.04 g kg(-1), respectively. Kernel and seed coat contained 9.0 ± 0.7 and 8.1 ± 0.8 g kg(-1) total phenolics respectively. Jamun pulp ethanol extract (PEE), kernel ethanol extract (KEE) and seed coat ethanol extract (SCEE) showed a high degree of phenolic enrichment. DPPH radical scavenging activity of the samples and standards in descending order was: gallic acid > quercetin > Trolox > KEE > BHT > SCEE > PEE. Superoxide radical scavenging activity (IC(50)) of KEE was six times higher (85.0 ± 5.0 µg mL(-1)) compared to Trolox (540.0 ± 5.0 µg mL(-1)) and three times compared to catechin (296.0 ± 11.0 µg mL(-1)). Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (IC(50)) of KEE was 151.0 ± 5.0 µg mL(-1) which was comparable with catechin (188.0 ± 6.0 µg mL(-1)). Inhibition of lipid peroxidation of the extracts was also studied and their activity against peroxide radicals were lower than that of standard compounds (BHT, 79.0 ± 4.0 µg mL(-1); quercetin, 166.0 ± 13.0 µg mL(-1); Trolox, 175.0 ± 4.0 µg mL(-1); PEE, 342.0 ± 17.0 µg mL(-1); KEE, 202.0 ± 13.0 µg mL(-1) and SCEE, 268.0 ± 13.0 µg mL(-1). Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.
蒲桃，广为人知的名称是“Jamun”，是一种热带树木，结出紫色卵形肉质果实。在印度，其种子传统上用于治疗糖尿病。基于现有的民族药理学知识，进一步开展研究以了解果实三个解剖学上不同部分（果肉、果核和种皮）的化学成分和抗氧化活性。对果实各部分、其相应的乙醇提取物和残渣进行了化学成分评估。对乙醇提取物的抗氧化潜力针对二苯基苦味酰基自由基（DPPH(•)）、羟基自由基（OH(•)）、超氧阴离子（O₂(•-)）和脂质过氧化进行了评估。整个果实由666.0±111.0 g/kg的果肉、290.0±40.0 g/kg的果核和50.0±15.0 g/kg的种皮组成。新鲜果肉富含碳水化合物、蛋白质和矿物质。果实所有三个部分的总脂肪物质含量不显著。详细的矿物质分析表明，所有果实部分和提取物中钙含量丰富。果肉中总酚、花青素和类黄酮含量分别为3.9±0.5、1.34±0.2和0.07±0.04 g/kg。果核和种皮中总酚含量分别为9.0±0.7和8.1±0.8 g/kg。蒲桃果肉乙醇提取物（PEE）、果核乙醇提取物（KEE）和种皮乙醇提取物（SCEE）显示出高度的酚类富集。样品和标准品的DPPH自由基清除活性从高到低依次为：没食子酸＞槲皮素＞Trolox＞KEE＞丁基羟基甲苯（BHT）＞SCEE＞PEE。与Trolox（540.0±5.0 μg/mL）相比，KEE的超氧阴离子自由基清除活性（IC₅₀）高六倍（85.0±5.0 μg/mL），与儿茶素（296.0±11.0 μg/mL）相比高两倍。KEE的羟基自由基清除活性（IC₅₀）为151.0±5.0 μg/mL，与儿茶素（188.0±6.0 μg/mL）相当。还研究了提取物对脂质过氧化的抑制作用，其对过氧化物自由基的活性低于标准化合物（BHT，79.0±4.0 μg/mL；槲皮素，166.0±13.0 μg/mL；Trolox，175.0±4.0 μg/mL；PEE，342.0±17.0 μg/mL；KEE，202.0±13.0 μg/mL；SCEE，268.0±13.0 μg/mL）。版权所有©2007化学工业协会。
