Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 100 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2010 Nov;7(11):653-64. doi: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2010.139. Epub 2010 Sep 14.
Recent advances in nanotechnology have offered new hope for cancer detection, prevention, and treatment. While the enhanced permeability and retention effect has served as a key rationale for using nanoparticles to treat solid tumors, it does not enable uniform delivery of these particles to all regions of tumors in sufficient quantities. This heterogeneous distribution of therapeutics is a result of physiological barriers presented by the abnormal tumor vasculature and interstitial matrix. These barriers are likely to be responsible for the modest survival benefit offered by many FDA-approved nanotherapeutics and must be overcome for the promise of nanomedicine in patients to be realized. Here, we review these barriers to the delivery of cancer therapeutics and summarize strategies that have been developed to overcome these barriers. Finally, we discuss design considerations for optimizing the delivery of nanoparticles to tumors.
近年来，纳米技术的进展为癌症的检测、预防和治疗带来了新的希望。虽然增强的通透性和保留效应是使用纳米颗粒治疗实体瘤的关键原理，但它不能使这些颗粒以足够的数量均匀地输送到肿瘤的所有区域。治疗剂的这种不均匀分布是由异常肿瘤血管和细胞外基质引起的生理屏障造成的。这些屏障可能是许多获得 FDA 批准的纳米药物提供的适度生存获益的原因，必须克服这些屏障，才能使纳米医学在患者中得以实现。在这里，我们回顾了癌症治疗药物传递的这些障碍，并总结了已开发出的克服这些障碍的策略。最后，我们讨论了优化纳米颗粒向肿瘤传递的设计考虑因素。
