School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
Exerc Immunol Rev. 2010;16:8-21.
Physiological and immunological factors contributing to risk for upper respiratory symptoms (URS) in athletic populations remain under investigation. Single nucleotide changes (polymorphisms) in cytokine genes and alterations in associated gene expression may influence risk for URS in some athletes. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of cytokine gene polymorphisms in athletes with or without a history of frequent URS. Cytokine gene polymorphisms were determined in samples from five previous investigations of immune function in highly-trained athletes (n=170). Participants were classified into two groups based on their self-reported number of episodes of URS in the preceding 12 months. Athletes were classified as healthy (n=82) if they reported < or =2 episodes of URS in the preceding 12 months. Athletes were classified as illness-prone (n=88) if reporting > or =3 episodes of URS. Polymorphisms in Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-2, IL-4 and Interferon(IFN)-gamma were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction allelic discrimination assays. The distribution of genotype frequencies between the two groups was compared using a Chi-square test and logistic regression was used to model risk for URS as a function of cytokine gene polymorphisms. There was a tendency for IL-6 (chi2 = 5.0, p = 0.08) and IL-4 (chi2 = 4.8, p = 0.09) genotype frequencies to differ between the groups. The IL-6 high-expression genotype was associated with an increased likelihood of > or =3 URS episodes in a 12 month period (odds ratio (OR): 2.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-7.53; p = 0.03). The IL-2 high-expression genotype was associated with a tendency for a decreased likelihood of > or =3 URS episodes in a 12 month period (OR: 0.361, 95% CI: 0.124-1.06; p = 0.06). These data suggest cytokine gene polymorphisms may account in part for differences in risk for URS in highly-trained athletes.
生理和免疫因素是导致运动员上呼吸道症状（URS）风险的因素，这些因素仍在研究中。细胞因子基因的单核苷酸变化（多态性）和相关基因表达的改变可能会影响某些运动员发生 URS 的风险。本研究的目的是比较有频繁 URS 病史和无频繁 URS 病史运动员细胞因子基因多态性的频率。细胞因子基因多态性是在 5 项先前对高水平运动员免疫功能的研究样本中确定的（n=170）。根据他们在过去 12 个月中报告的 URS 发作次数，将参与者分为两组。如果运动员报告在过去 12 个月中 URS 发作次数<或=2 次，则将其归类为健康（n=82）。如果报告 URS 发作次数>或=3 次，则将运动员归类为易患病（n=88）。采用实时聚合酶链反应等位基因鉴别检测法确定白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-8、IL-10、IL-1 受体拮抗剂（IL-1ra）、IL-2、IL-4 和干扰素（IFN）-γ的多态性。使用卡方检验比较两组之间基因型频率的分布，使用逻辑回归模型将 URS 风险作为细胞因子基因多态性的函数进行建模。IL-6（chi2 = 5.0，p = 0.08）和 IL-4（chi2 = 4.8，p = 0.09）基因型频率在两组之间存在差异的趋势。高表达的 IL-6 基因型与在 12 个月内出现>或=3 次 URS 发作的可能性增加相关（比值比（OR）：2.87，95%置信区间（CI）：1.10-7.53；p = 0.03）。高表达的 IL-2 基因型与在 12 个月内出现>或=3 次 URS 发作的可能性降低有关（OR：0.361，95%CI：0.124-1.06；p = 0.06）。这些数据表明，细胞因子基因多态性可能部分解释了高水平运动员 URS 风险的差异。
