McNeil Megil J, Porter Roy B R, Williams Lawrence A D, Rainford Lois
Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
Nat Prod Commun. 2010 Aug;5(8):1301-6.
Five different essential oil extractions of the aerial parts of Cleome spinosa Jacq. were examined. The oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the whole aerial parts, aerial parts without flowers (fruit, leaves and stem), flowers, fruits and leaves have been examined by GC-FID and GC-MS. The chemical profiles of the oils reveal the dominance of oxygenated sesqui- and diterpenes, with the exception of the fruit oil, which contained a high content of fatty acids. The most abundant compounds from the whole aerial parts were (Z)-phytol (31.3%), integerrimine (5.5%) and incensole (4.0%). The major compounds from the aerial portion without flowers were caryophyllene oxide (10.5%), (-)-spathulenol (7.5%) and Z-phytol (6.9%). In the flower oil, the main components were 7-alpha-hydroxy manool (23.8%), incensole (9.2%) and sclareol (8.7%). The chief constituents in the fruit oil were tetradecanoic acid (40.6%), (Z)-phytol (6.58%) and sclareol (4.5%). In the leaf oil, (Z)-phytol (19.5%), 7-alpha-hydroxy manool (6.8%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.36%) were the predominant compounds. Antimicrobial activity of the oil obtained from the whole aerial part was evaluated against nine microbial strains using a filter paper disc-diffusion method. The volatile oil showed moderate action against seven of the eight bacteria strains used, with significant inhibitory activity against Streptococcus pyogenes Group A when compared with the standard antibiotics, ampicillin and gentamicin. The fungus, Candida albicans was less sensitive to the essential oil. The oils showed moderate insecticidal activity against Cylas formicarius elegantalus, but possessed no antioxidant activity as indicated by the DPPH method. This represents the first report on the chemical composition of the essential oils from C. spinosa found in Jamaica and the in vitro antioxidant, insecticidal and antimicrobial potential of the oil from the aerial parts.
对刺山柑地上部分的五种不同精油提取物进行了研究。通过对整个地上部分、无花地上部分（果实、叶子和茎）、花朵、果实和叶子进行水蒸馏得到的精油，已通过气相色谱 - 火焰离子化检测器（GC - FID）和气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC - MS）进行了检测。精油的化学图谱显示，除了果实油含有高含量的脂肪酸外，氧化倍半萜和二萜占主导地位。整个地上部分中最丰富的化合物是（Z）- 叶绿醇（31.3%）、整数胺（5.5%）和沉香醇（4.0%）。无花地上部分的主要化合物是石竹烯氧化物（10.5%）、（-）- 斯巴醇（7.5%）和（Z）- 叶绿醇（6.9%）。花油中的主要成分是7 - α - 羟基马尼醇（23.8%）、沉香醇（9.2%）和硬尾醇（8.7%）。果实油中的主要成分是十四烷酸（40.6%）、（Z）- 叶绿醇（6.58%）和硬尾醇（4.5%）。叶油中，（Z）- 叶绿醇（19.5%）、7 - α - 羟基马尼醇（6.8%）和石竹烯氧化物（4.36%）是主要化合物。使用滤纸圆盘扩散法评估了从整个地上部分获得的精油对九种微生物菌株的抗菌活性。该挥发油对所使用的八种细菌菌株中的七种表现出中等作用，与标准抗生素氨苄青霉素和庆大霉素相比，对A组化脓性链球菌具有显著的抑制活性。白色念珠菌对该精油不太敏感。这些精油对优雅甘薯小象甲表现出中等的杀虫活性，但通过二苯基苦味酰基自由基（DPPH）法表明没有抗氧化活性。这是关于牙买加发现的刺山柑精油化学成分以及地上部分精油的体外抗氧化、杀虫和抗菌潜力的首次报告。
