Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Phytopathology. 2010 Oct;100(10):997-1006. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-05-09-0126.
One hundred isolates of Phytophthora infestans collected from 10 provinces in China between 1998 and 2004 were analyzed for mating type, metalaxyl resistance, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype, allozyme genotype, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with the RG-57 probe. In addition, herbarium samples collected in China, Russia, Australia, and other Asian countries were also typed for mtDNA haplotype. The Ia haplotype was found during the first outbreaks of the disease in China (1938 and 1940), Japan (1901, 1930, and 1931), India (1913), Peninsular Malaysia (1950), Nepal (1954), The Philippines (1910), Australia (1917), Russia (1917), and Latvia (1935). In contrast, the Ib haplotype was found after 1950 in China on both potato and tomato (1952, 1954, 1956, and 1982) and in India (1968 and 1974). Another migration of a genotype found in Siberia called SIB-1 (Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase [Gpi] 100/100, Peptidase [Pep] 100/100, IIa mtDNA haplotype) was identified using RFLP fingerprints among 72% of the isolates and was widely distributed in the north and south of China and has also been reported in Japan. A new genotype named CN-11 (Gpi 100/111, Pep 100/100, IIb mtDNA haplotype), found only in the south of China, and two additional genotypes (Gpi 100/100, Pep 100/100, Ia mtDNA haplotype) named CN-9 and CN-10 were identified. There were more diverse genotypes among isolates from Yunnan province than elsewhere. The SIB-1 (IIa) genotype is identical to those from Siberia, suggesting later migration of this genotype from either Russia or Japan into China. The widespread predominance of SIB-1 suggests that this genotype has enhanced fitness compared with other genotypes found. Movement of the pathogen into China via infected seed from several sources most likely accounts for the distribution of pathogen genotypes observed. MtDNA haplotype evidence and RFLP data suggest multiple migrations of the pathogen into China after the initial introduction of the Ia haplotype in the 1930s.
从 1998 年到 2004 年，在中国 10 个省份采集了 100 株晚疫病菌株，分析了交配型、甲霜灵抗性、线粒体 DNA（mtDNA）单倍型、同工酶基因型和 RG-57 探针的限制片段长度多态性（RFLP）。此外，还对来自中国、俄罗斯、澳大利亚和其他亚洲国家的标本库样本进行了 mtDNA 单倍型分型。在中国（1938 年和 1940 年）、日本（1901 年、1930 年和 1931 年）、印度（1913 年）、马来半岛（1950 年）、尼泊尔（1954 年）、菲律宾（1910 年）、澳大利亚（1917 年）、俄罗斯（1917 年）和拉脱维亚（1935 年）的疾病首次爆发时发现了 Ia 单倍型。相比之下，在中国，1950 年以后在马铃薯和番茄上发现了 Ib 单倍型（1952 年、1954 年、1956 年和 1982 年），在印度（1968 年和 1974 年）也发现了 Ib 单倍型。另一个在西伯利亚发现的基因型 SIB-1（葡萄糖-6-磷酸异构酶[Gpi]100/100，肽酶[Pep]100/100，IIa mtDNA 单倍型）也通过 72%的分离物的 RFLP 指纹图谱得到了鉴定，并在中国的北部和南部广泛分布，也有报道称在日本也有分布。在中国南部发现了一个新的基因型 CN-11（Gpi 100/111，Pep 100/100，IIb mtDNA 单倍型），在中国南部也发现了两个额外的基因型（Gpi 100/100，Pep 100/100，Ia mtDNA 单倍型），分别命名为 CN-9 和 CN-10。云南分离物的基因型比其他地方更加多样化。SIB-1（IIa）基因型与西伯利亚的基因型相同，表明该基因型是从俄罗斯或日本传入中国的。SIB-1 的广泛流行表明，与其他发现的基因型相比，该基因型具有更强的适应性。病原体通过来自多个来源的受感染种子传入中国，很可能导致观察到的病原体基因型分布。mtDNA 单倍型证据和 RFLP 数据表明，在 20 世纪 30 年代 Ia 单倍型首次引入后，病原体多次传入中国。
