Bigham A S, Habibian S, Ghasemian F, Layeghi S
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Oct;33(5):439-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01158.x.
Caudal epidural anesthesia is commonly utilized in veterinary medicine to allow diagnostic, obstetrical, and surgical intervention, in the perineal region of large animal. The aim of this study is to directly compare the time of onset and duration of analgesia produced by a tramadol and lidocaine-tramadol combination with that produced by lidocaine administration in the epidural space of Cattle. Five healthy adult Holstein dairy cows were selected to this study. Epidural anesthesia was produced in all cows by lidocaine, with 2 weeks intervals repeated by a combination of lidocaine-tramadol and tramadol. Time to onset and duration of analgesia were recorded. Heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature were recorded at 0 min and at 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 75 min after the epidural administrations of each treatments. The tramadol produced a significant (P < 0.05) longer duration of analgesia (306.8 ± 8.58 min) than lidocaine (69.40 ± 8.96 min) alone and lidocaine-tramadol combination (174 ± 4.84 min). Also, lidocaine-tramadol combination produced a significant (P < 0.05) longer duration of analgesia than lidocaine alone. Complete analgesia began at 14.10 ± 1.57 min in the tramadol treatment, being more delayed than in the treatments with lidocaine-tramadol (4.84 ± 0.68 min) and lidocaine (3.90 ± 0.89 min). Body temperatures, heart rates, and respiratory rates were not significantly different in comparison with baseline values throughout the study in the all treatments. The combination of lidocaine-tramadol produced anesthesia of longer duration than lidocaine and the onset time was approximately same as for the lidocaine group. Utilizing this combination, long duration of anesthesia could commence relatively soon after epidural injection and might be used without re-administration of anesthetic agent in long-duration obstetrical and surgical procedures.
尾椎硬膜外麻醉在兽医学中常用于对大型动物会阴区域进行诊断、产科及外科干预。本研究旨在直接比较曲马多与利多卡因 - 曲马多联合用药在牛硬膜外腔产生的镇痛起效时间和持续时间与利多卡因单独用药的差异。本研究选取了5头健康的成年荷斯坦奶牛。所有奶牛均先使用利多卡因进行硬膜外麻醉，间隔2周后分别使用利多卡因 - 曲马多联合用药和曲马多重复进行麻醉。记录镇痛起效时间和持续时间。在每次硬膜外给药后的0分钟以及5、10、15、30、60和75分钟记录心率、呼吸频率和体温。曲马多产生的镇痛持续时间（306.8±8.58分钟）显著长于（P<0.05）利多卡因单独用药（69.40±8.96分钟）和利多卡因 - 曲马多联合用药（174±4.84分钟）。此外，利多卡因 - 曲马多联合用药产生的镇痛持续时间也显著长于（P<0.05）利多卡因单独用药。曲马多组完全镇痛开始时间为14.10±1.57分钟，比利多卡因 - 曲马多组（4.84±0.68分钟）和利多卡因组（3.90±0.89分钟）更延迟。在整个研究过程中，所有处理组的体温、心率和呼吸频率与基线值相比均无显著差异。利多卡因 - 曲马多联合用药产生的麻醉持续时间比利多卡因长，且起效时间与利多卡因组大致相同。使用这种联合用药，硬膜外注射后不久即可开始长时间麻醉，并且在长时间的产科和外科手术中无需再次给药。
