Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, PO Box 400, Al-Ahasa 31982, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
BMC Vet Res. 2023 Feb 16;19(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s12917-023-03601-8.
The use of general anesthesia in dromedary camels is constrained by risks related to decubitus. Caudal epidural analgesia is an alternative convenient technique providing loco-regional analgesia for numerous invasive and noninvasive painful conditions. Lidocaine is probably the most commonly used local anesthetic in clinical practice, but has a relatively short duration and may not provide significant long term analgesic benefits. Epidural administration of an opioid-local anesthetic mixture would improve the quality and length of analgesia and minimizes the adverse motor effects provoked by local anesthetics. Butorphanol (potent agonist-antagonist opioid) has been used to improve the duration of epidural analgesia in some animal species, but not in camels. Therefore, our purpose was to investigate the onset and duration of analgesia as well as the clinical and hemato-biochemical effects produced by the epidural administration of butorphanol (0.04 mg/kg), lidocaine (0.22 mg/ kg), and butorphanol-lidocaine (0.04 mg/kg-0.22 mg/ kg) mixture in nine adult dromedary camels in a crossover experimental study.
The onset of analgesia was not statistically different between lidocaine (6.5 ± 2.3 min) and butorphanol-lidocaine (7.3 ± 1.5 min) combination. Delayed onset of analgesia was reported after butorphanol administration (14.7 ± 3.5 min). Butorphanol-lidocaine combination produced marked longer duration (175 ± 8.7 min) than lidocaine (55 ± 6.8 min) and butorphanol (158 ± 5.3 min). Mild ataxia was observed in the butorphanol-lidocaine and lidocaine treated animals and slight sedation was reported after butorphanol and butorphanol-lidocaine administration. A transient significant increase in the glucose levels was recorded after all treatments.
Epidural administration of butorphanol augments the analgesic effects and duration of lidocaine with minimal adverse effects.
在单峰驼中使用全身麻醉受到与卧姿相关的风险的限制。尾部硬膜外镇痛是一种替代的便捷技术，可为许多侵入性和非侵入性疼痛情况提供局部区域镇痛。利多卡因可能是临床实践中最常用的局部麻醉剂，但持续时间相对较短，并且可能无法提供显著的长期镇痛益处。硬膜外给予阿片类药物-局部麻醉剂混合物可以改善镇痛质量和持续时间，并最大程度地减少局部麻醉剂引起的不良运动作用。但是啡烷（强效激动-拮抗剂阿片类药物）已被用于某些动物物种中延长硬膜外镇痛的时间，但在骆驼中尚未使用。因此，我们的目的是研究 9 只成年单峰驼硬膜外给予布托啡诺（0.04mg/kg）、利多卡因（0.22mg/kg）和布托啡诺-利多卡因（0.04mg/kg-0.22mg/kg）混合物后的镇痛作用的起效时间和持续时间以及临床和血液生化效应。
利多卡因（6.5±2.3 分钟）和布托啡诺-利多卡因（7.3±1.5 分钟）组合的镇痛起效时间无统计学差异。布托啡诺给药后报告了镇痛起效延迟（14.7±3.5 分钟）。布托啡诺-利多卡因组合产生的作用持续时间明显长于利多卡因（55±6.8 分钟）和布托啡诺（158±5.3 分钟）。布托啡诺-利多卡因和利多卡因处理的动物出现轻度共济失调，并且在布托啡诺和布托啡诺-利多卡因给药后出现轻微镇静。所有治疗后均记录到血糖水平短暂显著升高。
硬膜外给予布托啡诺可增强利多卡因的镇痛作用和作用持续时间，而不良反应最小。
