Dehkordi Saied H, Bigham-Sadegh Amin, Gerami Razieh
Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
Vet Anaesth Analg. 2012 Jan;39(1):106-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00655.x. Epub 2011 Nov 22.
To compare the anti-nociceptive effect of tramadol, a combination of tramadol-lidocaine, and lidocaine alone when administered in the epidural space.
Experimental randomized cross-over study.
Seven healthy male goats, aged 9-11 months, weight 17.5-25.5 kg.
Treatments were lidocaine, 2.86 mg kg(-1), tramadol-lidocaine (1 mg kg(-1) and 2.46 mg kg(-1), respectively) and tramadol (1 mg kg(-1)) given into the epidural space. The volume of all treatments was 0.143 mL kg(-1). Nociception was tested by pin prick and by pressure from a haemostat clamp. Times to the onset and duration of anti-nociception in the perineal region were recorded. Recumbency and ataxia were noted. Rectal temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate were recorded before and at 15 minute intervals for 2 hours after the administration of each treatment. Statistical comparison used one-way anova with a post hoc Duncan's test as a post hoc. Significance was taken as p < 0.05.
Times (mean ± SD) to onset of and duration of loss of sensation, respectively in minutes were; lidocaine, 3 ± 1 and 85 ± 11), tramadol-lidocaine 4 ± 1 and 140 ± 2; tramadol 12 ± 1 and 235 ± 18. Onset and duration times were significantly longer with tramadol than the other two treatments. Duration was significantly longer with tramadol-lidocaine than with lidocaine alone. With lidocaine treatment all goats were severely ataxic or recumbent, after tramadol-lidocaine mildly ataxic, and after tramadol not ataxic. Rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rates did not differ significantly from baseline after any treatment.
The combination of tramadol-lidocaine given by epidural injection produced an anti-nociceptive effect in the perineal region, which was rapid in onset and had a longer duration of action than lidocaine alone. This combination might prove useful clinically to provide analgesia in goats for long-duration obstetrical and surgical procedures but surgical stimuli were not investigated in this study.
比较曲马多、曲马多 - 利多卡因联合用药及单独使用利多卡因硬膜外给药时的抗伤害感受作用。
实验性随机交叉研究。
7只健康雄性山羊，年龄9 - 11个月，体重17.5 - 25.5千克。
硬膜外给药，分别给予利多卡因（2.86毫克/千克）、曲马多 - 利多卡因（分别为1毫克/千克和2.46毫克/千克）以及曲马多（1毫克/千克）。所有给药体积均为0.143毫升/千克。通过针刺和止血钳施压测试伤害感受。记录会阴区抗伤害感受的起效时间和持续时间。记录卧地和共济失调情况。在每次给药前及给药后2小时内每隔15分钟记录直肠温度、心率和呼吸频率。统计比较采用单因素方差分析，并以Duncan事后检验作为事后检验。显著性水平设定为p < 0.05。
感觉丧失的起效时间（分钟，均值±标准差）和持续时间分别为：利多卡因，3±1和85±11；曲马多 - 利多卡因，4±1和140±2；曲马多，12±1和235±18。曲马多的起效时间和持续时间显著长于其他两种治疗方法。曲马多 - 利多卡因的持续时间显著长于单独使用利多卡因。使用利多卡因治疗时，所有山羊均出现严重共济失调或卧地，曲马多 - 利多卡因治疗后为轻度共济失调，曲马多治疗后无共济失调。任何治疗后直肠温度、心率和呼吸频率与基线相比均无显著差异。
硬膜外注射曲马多 - 利多卡因联合用药在会阴区产生抗伤害感受作用，起效迅速，作用持续时间长于单独使用利多卡因。这种联合用药在临床上可能有助于为山羊长时间的产科和外科手术提供镇痛，但本研究未对手术刺激进行研究。
