Department of Medical Education, Clinical Simulation Center, American Heart Association Training Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA.
Health Care Manage Rev. 2010 Oct-Dec;35(4):345-54. doi: 10.1097/HMR.0b013e3181e9fceb.
Effective interdisciplinary health care teamwork improves clinical and financial outcomes, and training and assessment of team competencies are central to establishing high-functioning health care teams. The roles that team members assume in the provision of patient care are important contributors to effective health care team performance; however, variability among health care practitioners can lead to philosophical, political, social, and clinical differences in perceptions and recommendations for patient care as well as expected communication patterns and protocols.
The purpose of this study was to describe the roles and behaviors within variable health care teams in the provision of patient care across multiple clinical practice areas to inform a model for team development strategies.
Interdisciplinary health care teams were observed in vivo during the routine course of their work in multiple patient care contexts. Data were collected and analyzed using qualitative methods of observation and categorization, with supplemental interviews to substantiate, to clarify, and to verify observations. The constant comparative method of data analyses was used to derive a compositional typology for health care teams.
A compositional typology for health care teams emerged from the data specifying four types of health care teams: stable role, stable personnel (Type SRSP); stable role, variable personnel (Type SRVP); variable role, stable personnel (Type VRSP); and variable role, variable personnel (Type VRVP).
Results suggest that health care teams may be more complicated than non-health care teams, and team models with associated derived competencies from other professions may not wholly transfer to health care. A singular model to inform best practices for health care team development may not adequately address the specific performance challenges of each team type. Adaptable development strategies for each type of team and its associated role membership may be required to optimize team performance. The health care team typology derived from this study may help inform the selection of appropriate team development strategies and define associated team competencies.
有效的跨学科医疗保健团队合作可以改善临床和财务结果，而团队能力的培训和评估是建立高效医疗保健团队的核心。团队成员在提供患者护理方面所扮演的角色是有效医疗保健团队表现的重要贡献者；然而，医疗保健从业者之间的差异可能导致在患者护理的看法和建议、预期的沟通模式和协议方面存在哲学、政治、社会和临床差异。
本研究的目的是描述在多个临床实践领域中提供患者护理的多变医疗保健团队中的角色和行为，为团队发展策略提供信息。
在多个患者护理环境中，通过跨学科健康护理团队的现场观察，收集和分析数据，使用观察和分类的定性方法，并进行补充访谈以证实、澄清和验证观察结果。使用数据分析的恒定比较方法得出医疗保健团队的组合分类类型学。
从数据中得出了医疗保健团队的组合分类类型学，指定了四种医疗保健团队类型：稳定角色、稳定人员（Type SRSP）；稳定角色、可变人员（Type SRVP）；可变角色、稳定人员（Type VRSP）；和可变角色、可变人员（Type VRVP）。
结果表明，医疗保健团队可能比非医疗保健团队更复杂，并且来自其他专业的团队模型及其相关衍生能力可能不完全适用于医疗保健。单一的模型可能无法充分解决每个团队类型的特定绩效挑战，为医疗保健团队发展提供最佳实践的信息。可能需要为每种类型的团队及其相关角色成员制定适应性发展策略，以优化团队绩效。从这项研究中得出的医疗保健团队分类学可能有助于为适当的团队发展策略选择提供信息，并定义相关的团队能力。
