Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Microbiana - 549-1 e 2, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Bloco A, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-909, Brazil.
J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2011 Aug;38(8):945-53. doi: 10.1007/s10295-010-0865-8. Epub 2010 Sep 16.
In countries with a strong agricultural base, such as Brazil, the generation of solid residues is very high. In some cases, these wastes present no utility due to their toxic and allergenic compounds, and so are an environmental concern. The castor bean (Ricinus communis) is a promising candidate for biodiesel production. From the biodiesel production process developed in the Petrobras Research Center using castor bean seeds, a toxic and alkaline waste is produced. The use of agroindustrial wastes in solid-state fermentation (SSF) is a very interesting alternative for obtaining enzymes at low cost. Therefore, in this work, castor bean waste was used, without any treatment, as a culture medium for fungal growth and lipase production. The fungus Penicillium simplicissimum was able to grow and produce an enzyme in this waste. In order to maximize the enzyme production, two sequential designs-Plackett-Burman (variable screening) followed by central composite rotatable design (CCRD)-were carried out, attaining a considerable increase in lipase production, reaching an activity of 155.0 U/g after 96 h of fermentation. The use of experimental design strategy was efficient, leading to an increase of 340% in the lipase production. Zymography showed the presence of different lipases in the crude extract. The partial characterization of such extract showed the occurrence of two lipase pools with distinct characteristics of pH and temperature of action: one group with optimal action at pH 6.5 and 45°C and another one at pH 9.0 and 25°C. These results demonstrate how to add value to a toxic and worthless residue through the production of lipases with distinct characteristics. This pool of enzymes, produced through a low cost methodology, can be applied in different areas of biotechnology.
在农业基础雄厚的国家，如巴西，固体残渣的产生量非常高。在某些情况下，由于这些废物含有有毒和致敏化合物，因此没有任何用途，这是一个环境问题。蓖麻（Ricinus communis）是生产生物柴油的有前途的候选物。从 Petrobras 研究中心开发的生物柴油生产过程中，会产生一种有毒且呈碱性的废物。在固态发酵（SSF）中使用农业工业废物是一种非常有趣的选择，可以低成本获得酶。因此，在这项工作中，使用了未经任何处理的蓖麻废物作为真菌生长和脂肪酶生产的培养基。真菌拟青霉（Penicillium simplicissimum）能够在这种废物流中生长并产生一种酶。为了最大程度地提高酶的产量，进行了两次顺序设计——Plackett-Burman（变量筛选）和中心复合旋转设计（CCRD），使脂肪酶的产量显著增加，在发酵 96 小时后达到 155.0 U/g 的活性。实验设计策略的使用非常有效，使脂肪酶的产量增加了 340%。同工酶显示粗提物中存在不同的脂肪酶。对该提取物的部分特性进行研究表明，存在两种具有不同 pH 和作用温度特性的脂肪酶池：一组在 pH 6.5 和 45°C 下作用最佳，另一组在 pH 9.0 和 25°C 下作用最佳。这些结果表明如何通过生产具有不同特性的脂肪酶来为有毒且无价值的残留物增值。这种酶库是通过低成本的方法生产的，可以应用于生物技术的不同领域。
