Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010 Nov;24(11):1249-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03850.x. Epub 2010 Sep 15.
Chronic pruritus is a major symptom in numerous dermatological and systemic diseases. Similar to chronic pain, chronic pruritus can have a dramatic impact on the quality of life and can worsen the general condition of the patient considerably. The pathogenesis of itch is diverse and involves a complex network of cutaneous and neuronal cells. In recent years, more and more itch-specific mediators and receptors, such as interleukin-31, gastrin-releasing peptide receptor or histamine H4 receptor have been identified and the concept of itch-specific neurons has been further characterized. Understanding of the basic principles is important for development of target-specific treatment of patients with chronic pruritus. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the pathophysiological principles of itch and provide an overview about current and future treatment options.
慢性瘙痒是许多皮肤和系统性疾病的主要症状。与慢性疼痛类似，慢性瘙痒会对生活质量产生巨大影响，并显著恶化患者的整体健康状况。瘙痒的发病机制多种多样，涉及皮肤和神经元细胞的复杂网络。近年来，越来越多的瘙痒特异性介质和受体，如白细胞介素-31、胃泌素释放肽受体或组胺 H4 受体已被鉴定出来，瘙痒特异性神经元的概念也得到了进一步的描述。了解这些基本原理对于开发针对慢性瘙痒患者的靶向治疗方法非常重要。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前关于瘙痒病理生理学原理的知识，并概述了目前和未来的治疗选择。
