Sieberer Marcel, Ziegenbein Marc, Eckhardt Gudrun, Machleidt Wielant, Calliess Iris T
Klinik für Psychiatrie, Sozialpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie (Direktor: Prof. Dr. Stefan Bleich), Medizinische Hochschule Hannover.
Psychiatr Prax. 2011 Jan;38(1):38-44. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1248552. Epub 2010 Sep 16.
To investigate the frequency of traumatisation, suicidality and given diagnoses in expert opinions on asylum seekers and to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of this population.
The psychiatric expert opinions on asylum seekers, furnished in an 8-year-period at Hannover Medical School, were analysed retrospectively for qualitative and quantitative characteristics.
62 psychiatric expert opinions on asylum seekers were included in this study. The asylum seekers originated from 18 different countries, mainly from Turkey and former Yugoslavia. Most expert opinions were given in secondary asylum procedures, i. e. after the initial asylum request had been rejected. The asylum seekers reported on traumatisation in 82.3 %. The most frequently reported forms of traumatisation were rape in female, and torture in male persons. According to ICD-10 or DSM-IV-R criteria posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was the most frequent diagnosis (74.1 %) in this study. The second most common diagnoses were depressive disorders (ICD-10: F32.x in 33.9 % and ICD-10: F33.x in 25.9 %). Suicidal tendency was found in 56.5 % of the asylum seekers.
Cultural differences, language barriers, a heavy burden by psychological symptoms, and clinical severity are difficulties in the process of psychiatric assessment of refugees in legal asylum procedures.
调查在关于寻求庇护者的专家意见中创伤经历、自杀倾向及既定诊断的发生率，并描述这一人群的社会人口学特征。
回顾性分析汉诺威医学院在8年期间提供的关于寻求庇护者的精神病学专家意见，以获取定性和定量特征。
本研究纳入了62份关于寻求庇护者的精神病学专家意见。这些寻求庇护者来自18个不同国家，主要是土耳其和前南斯拉夫。大多数专家意见是在二次庇护程序中给出的，即在最初的庇护申请被驳回之后。82.3%的寻求庇护者报告有创伤经历。最常报告的创伤形式是女性遭受强奸，男性遭受酷刑。根据国际疾病分类第10版（ICD - 10）或精神疾病诊断与统计手册第4版修订版（DSM - IV - R）标准，创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）是本研究中最常见的诊断（74.1%）。第二常见的诊断是抑郁症（ICD - 10：F32.x占33.9%，ICD - 10：F33.x占25.9%）。56.5%的寻求庇护者有自杀倾向。
在合法庇护程序中对难民进行精神病学评估的过程中，文化差异、语言障碍、心理症状的沉重负担以及临床严重程度都是难题。
