Kröger Christoph, Frantz Inga, Friel Pauline, Heinrichs Nina
Institut für Psychologie, Abteilung Klinische Psychologie, Psychotherapie und Diagnostik, Psychotherapieambulanz, Technische Universität Braunschweig.
Fakultät für Psychologie und Bewegungswissenschaften, Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Universität Hamburg.
Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2016 Sep;66(9-10):377-384. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-114045. Epub 2016 Oct 10.
Currently, there is a large number of refugees that are coming to Germany from (civil) war zones. The aim of this study was to estimate the extent of posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms amongst asylum seekers in Germany. In the summer of 2015, 280 adult refugees (88,2% men) were interviewed with the support of translators in the Lower Saxony State Refugee Reception Center, Brunswick. Data was categorized due to country of origin (Balkan States, Middle East, Northern Africa, Rest of Africa). The Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale-8 (PDS-8) and the Patient-Health-Questionnaire (PHQ-8) were employed as screening measures. If the threshold values of 12 in the PDS-8 or 15 in the PHQ are exceeded, respectively, the diagnosis of PTSD or depression is highly likely. Participants reported an overall high number of potentially traumatic experiences (72,5% war experiences; 67,9% violent attacks; 51,4% another very burdensome experience; 50,0% torture; 47,9% imprisonment; 11,1% sexual assault), whereby multiple answers were possible. The prevalence rates for possible PTSD were 16,1% (Balkan States), 20,5% (Middle East), 23,4% (Rest of Africa) and 28,1% (Northern Africa); rates for a possible depression varied between the countries of origin from 17,9, 35,9, 28,1 to 24,0%, respectively. Compared to the German population, the rates of traumatic experiences and the prevalence of a possible PTSD were significantly higher amongst asylum seekers of the present sample; this was not the case for depression. The integration of affected asylum seekers may be considerably complicated due to health impairments, e. g. with regard to learning the German language and admission to educational or occupational services.
目前，有大量难民正从（内战）战区涌入德国。本研究的目的是评估德国寻求庇护者中创伤后应激和抑郁症状的程度。2015年夏天，在不伦瑞克下萨克森州难民接待中心，在翻译人员的协助下，对280名成年难民（88.2%为男性）进行了访谈。数据根据原籍国（巴尔干国家、中东、北非、非洲其他地区）进行分类。采用创伤后诊断量表-8（PDS-8）和患者健康问卷（PHQ-8）作为筛查工具。如果PDS-8中超过阈值12或PHQ中超过阈值15，则很有可能诊断为创伤后应激障碍或抑郁症。参与者报告了总体上大量的潜在创伤经历（72.5%为战争经历；67.9%为暴力袭击；51.4%为其他非常沉重的经历；50.0%为酷刑；47.9%为监禁；11.1%为性侵犯），多个答案均有可能。可能患创伤后应激障碍的患病率分别为16.1%（巴尔干国家）、20.5%（中东）、23.4%（非洲其他地区）和28.1%（北非）；可能患抑郁症的患病率在不同原籍国之间分别为17.9%、35.9%、28.1%至24.0%。与德国人口相比，本样本中寻求庇护者的创伤经历发生率和可能患创伤后应激障碍的患病率显著更高；抑郁症的情况并非如此。由于健康受损，例如在学习德语以及进入教育或职业服务机构方面，受影响的寻求庇护者的融入可能会相当复杂。
