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NF-κB/Rel 蛋白与黑腹果蝇的体液免疫反应。

NF-κB/Rel proteins and the humoral immune responses of Drosophila melanogaster.

机构信息

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.

出版信息

Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2011;349:25-60. doi: 10.1007/82_2010_107.

Abstract

Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB)/Rel transcription factors form an integral part of innate immune defenses and are conserved throughout the animal kingdom. Studying the function, mechanism of activation and regulation of these factors is crucial for understanding host responses to microbial infections. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has proved to be a valuable model system to study these evolutionarily conserved NF-κB mediated immune responses. Drosophila combats pathogens through humoral and cellular immune responses. These humoral responses are well characterized and are marked by the robust production of a battery of anti-microbial peptides. Two NF-κB signaling pathways, the Toll and the IMD pathways, are responsible for the induction of these antimicrobial peptides. Signal transduction in these pathways is strikingly similar to that in mammalian TLR pathways. In this chapter, we discuss in detail the molecular mechanisms of microbial recognition, signal transduction and NF-κB regulation, in both the Toll and the IMD pathways. Similarities and differences relative to their mammalian counterparts are discussed, and recent advances in our understanding of the intricate regulatory networks in these NF-κB signaling pathways are also highlighted.

摘要

核因子-κB(NF-κB)/Rel 转录因子是先天免疫防御的重要组成部分,在整个动物界中都得到了保守。研究这些因子的功能、激活机制和调节对于理解宿主对微生物感染的反应至关重要。果蝇 Drosophila melanogaster 已被证明是研究这些进化上保守的 NF-κB 介导免疫反应的有价值的模型系统。果蝇通过体液和细胞免疫反应来对抗病原体。这些体液反应得到了很好的描述,其特征是大量产生一系列抗菌肽。两个 NF-κB 信号通路,即 Toll 和 IMD 通路,负责诱导这些抗菌肽。这些通路中的信号转导与哺乳动物 TLR 通路非常相似。在本章中,我们详细讨论了 Toll 和 IMD 通路中微生物识别、信号转导和 NF-κB 调节的分子机制。讨论了与哺乳动物对应物的相似性和差异,并强调了我们对这些 NF-κB 信号通路中复杂调控网络的理解的最新进展。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/53e0/3083852/ed438f08c4cf/nihms-265332-f0001.jpg

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