Hillel Alexander T, Elisseeff Jennifer H
Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
Facial Plast Surg. 2010 Oct;26(5):405-12. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1265021. Epub 2010 Sep 17.
Adipose tissue is extensively used in facial plastic surgery as a soft tissue filler for small-to-large facial defects. Variable results with autologous fat grafting and lipoinjection has led to interest in alternative forms of adipose tissue, including tissue engineered adipose tissue. Tissue engineering combines cells, scaffolds, and bioactive signals to regenerate organs or tissue. Cell sources include preadipocytes, adult stem cells, and embryonic stem cells. Although adult cells may be easily accessible from a patient, embryonic progenitor cells have comparative advantages over adult stem cells including indefinite self-renewal (high proliferative and expansion capacity) and strong tissue-forming capacity. This article will describe the types of embryonic progenitor cells and the cell culture conditions, common biomaterials, signaling factors, and biomechanical forces used in adipose tissue engineering. We will identify optimal conditions to generate functional, long-lasting adipose-like tissue. Lastly, we will propose potential future directions for the rapidly expanding field of adipose tissue engineering.
脂肪组织在面部整形手术中被广泛用作软组织填充剂，用于修复大小不一的面部缺损。自体脂肪移植和脂肪注射的效果各异，这引发了人们对其他形式脂肪组织的兴趣，包括组织工程化脂肪组织。组织工程学将细胞、支架和生物活性信号结合起来，以再生器官或组织。细胞来源包括前脂肪细胞、成体干细胞和胚胎干细胞。尽管成体细胞可以很容易地从患者体内获取，但胚胎祖细胞相对于成体干细胞具有比较优势，包括无限自我更新（高增殖和扩增能力）和强大的组织形成能力。本文将描述胚胎祖细胞的类型、细胞培养条件、常用生物材料、信号因子以及脂肪组织工程中使用的生物力学力。我们将确定生成功能性、持久的脂肪样组织的最佳条件。最后，我们将为快速发展的脂肪组织工程领域提出潜在的未来发展方向。
