Barz W, Bless W, Börger-Papendorf G, Gunia W, Mackenbrock U, Meier D, Otto C, Süper E
Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Federal Republic of Germany.
Ciba Found Symp. 1990;154:140-53; discussion 153-6. doi: 10.1002/9780470514009.ch11.
Microbial infection of plants or elicitation of cell cultures initiates substantial metabolic changes directed at the induction of defence reactions. The antimicrobial phytoalexins deserve special attention because they represent one essential component of plant resistance. The great structural diversity of phytoalexins and possible cellular sites for their toxic activity are discussed. Pterocarpan phytoalexin biosynthesis in Cicer arietinum is an example of the induction of extended biosynthetic pathways, their modes of regulation and metabolic links with constitutive secondary product formation. Elicitation of plant tissues represents a technique to induce simultaneously the formation of phytoalexins and increased levels of constitutive or other secondary products that do not normally accumulate. The biological function of phytoalexins and the pathways of their degradation by pathogenic fungi are outlined. Detoxification of phytoalexins by fungi may have important consequences for the practical application of these defence compounds and for the genetic transformation of fungi and plants. Phytoalexins accumulate in plants or cell cultures only transiently, because they are readily degraded or polymerized by extracellular peroxidases.
植物的微生物感染或细胞培养的激发会引发大量代谢变化，这些变化旨在诱导防御反应。抗微生物植保素值得特别关注，因为它们是植物抗性的一个重要组成部分。本文讨论了植保素的巨大结构多样性及其可能的细胞毒性活性位点。鹰嘴豆中紫檀素植保素的生物合成是扩展生物合成途径诱导、其调控模式以及与组成型次生产物形成的代谢联系的一个例子。植物组织的激发是一种同时诱导植保素形成以及增加通常不积累的组成型或其他次生产物水平的技术。概述了植保素的生物学功能及其被致病真菌降解的途径。真菌对植保素的解毒作用可能对这些防御化合物的实际应用以及真菌和植物的遗传转化具有重要影响。植保素仅在植物或细胞培养物中短暂积累，因为它们很容易被细胞外过氧化物酶降解或聚合。
