Kuć J
Ciba Found Symp. 1984;102:100-18. doi: 10.1002/9780470720837.ch7.
Plants respond to cellular injury and infection by accumulating low molecular weight antimicrobial stress metabolites called phytoalexins. The accumulation of phytoalexins, together with lignification, suberization, callose formation and the production of agglutinins and inhibitors of extracellular microbial hydrolases, appears to be part of a multi-component response mechanism associated with disease resistance and wound repair. Compared to the antibody-antigen response in animals, the phytoalexin response in plants has low specificity for induction and activity of the phytoalexins. Plants also contain preformed antimicrobial chemical and physical barriers to infection in their external tissues. The successful pathogen has evolved to cope with preformed inhibitors and barriers and either avoids eliciting the response mechanism, or suppresses the mechanism, or detoxifies its antimicrobial components. Annual plants can be systemically immunized against diseases caused by viruses, bacteria and fungi by limited infection with any one of the respective organisms. As with animals, disease resistance in plants depends on the rate and magnitude of response rather than on the ability to respond. The genetic information for disease resistance is found in all organisms, and disease resistance is the rule in nature. The interactions of plants with microorganisms in their environment are nature's example of diplomacy--compromise, adjustment to change and avoidance of deadly conflict.
植物通过积累称为植保素的低分子量抗菌应激代谢物来应对细胞损伤和感染。植保素的积累，连同木质化、栓质化、胼胝质形成以及凝集素和细胞外微生物水解酶抑制剂的产生，似乎是与抗病性和伤口修复相关联的多组分反应机制的一部分。与动物中的抗体-抗原反应相比，植物中的植保素反应在植保素的诱导和活性方面具有较低的特异性。植物在其外部组织中还含有预先形成的抗感染的化学和物理屏障。成功的病原体已经进化到能够应对预先形成的抑制剂和屏障，要么避免引发反应机制，要么抑制该机制，要么使其抗菌成分解毒。一年生植物可以通过用任何一种相应的生物体进行有限感染来对由病毒、细菌和真菌引起的疾病进行系统免疫。与动物一样，植物中的抗病性取决于反应速率和程度，而不是反应能力。抗病性的遗传信息存在于所有生物体中，抗病性是自然界的常态。植物与环境中微生物的相互作用是自然界外交的一个例子——妥协、适应变化和避免致命冲突。
