Vertegel Alexey A, Reukov Vladimir, Maximov Victor
Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2011;679:165-82. doi: 10.1007/978-1-60761-895-9_14.
Enzymes hold a great promise as therapeutic agents because of their unique specificity and high level of activity. Yet, clinically important enzyme drugs are for less common than conventional low molecular weight drugs due to a number of disadvantages. Most important among these are poor stability, potential immunogenicity, and potential systemic toxicity. Recent developments in synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles and exciting novel properties of some classes of nanomaterials have boosted interest in the potential use of nanoparticles as carriers of enzyme drugs. In certain cases, use of enzymes attached to nanoparticles can help to overcome some of the above problems and improve the prospects of clinical applications of enzyme drugs. Here, we review recent data on the use of nanoparticles as carriers for several clinically important enzyme drugs and discuss advantages and potential limitations of such constructs. While promising preliminary results were obtained with regard to their performance in vitro and in some animal models, further investigations and clinical trials, as well as addressing regulatory issues, are warranted to make these delivery systems suitable for clinical applications.
由于酶具有独特的特异性和高活性水平，它们作为治疗剂具有巨大的潜力。然而，由于一些缺点，临床上重要的酶药物比传统的低分子量药物少见。其中最重要的是稳定性差、潜在的免疫原性和潜在的全身毒性。纳米颗粒合成与表征方面的最新进展以及某些类别的纳米材料令人兴奋的新特性，激发了人们对纳米颗粒作为酶药物载体潜在用途的兴趣。在某些情况下，使用附着在纳米颗粒上的酶有助于克服上述一些问题，并改善酶药物临床应用的前景。在这里，我们综述了关于纳米颗粒作为几种临床上重要的酶药物载体的最新数据，并讨论了此类构建体的优点和潜在局限性。虽然在体外和一些动物模型中取得了关于其性能的有前景的初步结果，但仍需要进一步的研究和临床试验，以及解决监管问题，以使这些递送系统适合临床应用。
