Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2010 Dec;16(10):661-5. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.08.017. Epub 2010 Sep 24.
Embarrassment is commonly reported in essential tremor (ET) patients yet there is no formal tool to assess embarrassment in ET. Our aim was to develop such a tool and to assess its clinimetric properties. A quantitative measure of embarrassment could be used to assess response to treatment in clinical practice and clinical trials.
Based on surveys of international tremor experts and ET patients, we constructed the Essential Tremor Embarrassment Assessment (ETEA), a brief, easily administered, 14-item self-assessment scale. The ETEA was assessed for validity, reliability and other clinimetric properties in 75 ET patients.
Forty-seven tremor experts from eight countries were surveyed. On average, they estimated that 75% of their patients experienced embarrassment, yet there was very little agreement (range = 10-95%). Among ET patients, three-quarters (77.3%) reported at least occasional embarrassment due to their tremor and one-third (36.4%) reported daily embarrassment. ETEA scores correlated with a tremor disability questionnaire score (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale scores (p<0.001 and p<0.001). Test-retest reliability was high (p<0.001). Factor analysis identified four factors, explaining 62.4% of the variance. For the major factors (I and II), high internal consistency was found (Cronbach's alpha = 0.85 and 0.74).
Embarrassment is commonly experienced by ET patients. The ETEA is a reliable and valid tool to measure embarrassment in patients with this disease.
在原发性震颤（ET）患者中常报告有尴尬感，但目前尚无正式的工具来评估 ET 患者的尴尬感。我们的目的是开发这样的工具，并评估其临床计量学特性。尴尬感的定量测量可用于评估临床实践和临床试验中的治疗反应。
根据对国际震颤专家和 ET 患者的调查，我们构建了原发性震颤尴尬评估量表（ETEA），这是一种简短、易于管理的 14 项自我评估量表。在 75 名 ET 患者中评估了 ETEA 的有效性、可靠性和其他临床计量学特性。
对来自 8 个国家的 47 名震颤专家进行了调查。平均而言，他们估计他们的 75%的患者有尴尬感，但共识度非常低（范围为 10-95%）。在 ET 患者中，四分之三（77.3%）因震颤而至少偶尔感到尴尬，三分之一（36.4%）每天感到尴尬。ETEA 评分与震颤残疾问卷评分（p=0.02 和 p=0.01）和流行病学研究中心抑郁量表评分（p<0.001 和 p<0.001）相关。测试-重测信度高（p<0.001）。因子分析确定了四个因素，解释了 62.4%的方差。对于主要因素（I 和 II），发现内部一致性较高（Cronbach's alpha=0.85 和 0.74）。
尴尬感是 ET 患者常见的体验。ETEA 是一种可靠且有效的工具，可用于衡量患有这种疾病的患者的尴尬感。
