Loyola University Chicago, Department of Psychology, 6525 N. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60626, USA.
J Pediatr Psychol. 2011 Jun;36(5):552-64. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsq084. Epub 2010 Sep 24.
A longitudinal multi-method, multi-informant design was utilized to investigate parental expressed emotion (EE) as a predictor of depressive symptoms among adolescents with spina bifida (n=60) and a matched comparison sample (n=65).
A newly modified self-administered audiotaped interview methodology was used to assess parental warmth and criticism across the middle adolescent developmental period (ages 14-17). Parent- and youth-reports of adolescent depressive symptoms were obtained at each time point.
Significant cross-sectional associations between parental EE variables and youth depressive symptoms were found for both groups. Significant longitudinal relations between maternal criticism and parent proxy-report of youth depressive symptoms were also found across 2 years for the spina bifida group and across 4 years for both groups.
This modified measure of parental EE can be used in future pediatric research that focuses on precursors or outcomes of this important parenting construct.
采用纵向多方法、多来源设计，调查父母表达的情感（EE）对患有脊柱裂的青少年（n=60）和匹配的对照组（n=65）抑郁症状的预测作用。
采用新的改良的自我管理录音访谈方法，评估青少年中期发展阶段（14-17 岁）父母的温暖和批评。在每个时间点都获得了父母和青少年报告的青少年抑郁症状。
两组的父母 EE 变量与青少年抑郁症状之间均存在显著的横断面关联。对于脊柱裂组，母亲的批评与青少年抑郁症状的父母代理报告之间存在显著的纵向关系，跨越 2 年；对于两组，这种关系跨越 4 年。
这种改良的父母 EE 测量方法可用于未来的儿科研究，重点关注这一重要父母教养结构的前因或结果。
