National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, LBS building, IARI, New Delhi, India.
J Insect Sci. 2010;10:115. doi: 10.1673/031.010.11501.
Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) has been the current topic of research for insect taxonomists and applied entomologists in India due to its invasiveness, rapid spread, morphological and biological variations and the need for establishing an effective control strategy. The biology of the mealybug P. solenopsis was studied on cotton under laboratory conditions between August and October of 2009 with mean temperature and relative humidity of 23.3–30.2° C and 40.5–92.5% RH, respectively, in central India. Neonate crawlers that emerged from a field population were collected and constituted the study population. The developmental period from immature crawler to adult stage was greater for males (18.7 ± 0.9 days) compared to females (13.2 ± 1.8 days), probably due to the additional molt to the pupal stage in males. Survival of second instars was lower (45.5%) than first and third instars (71.4%). Females showed dynamic patterns of fecundity with the number of crawlers produced per female ranging between 128 and 812, with a mean of 344 ± 82. The reproductive period lasted 30.2 ± 8.2 days. Parthenogenesis with ovoviviparity (96.5%) was dominant over the oviparous (3.5%) mode of reproduction. Adult females lived 42.4 ± 5.7 days. Males accounted for less than 5% of the population, and lived 1.5 ± 0.1 days. The life history parameters of P. solenopsis adult females are discussed relative to the appearance of symptoms on the cotton crop, and the importance of making management interventions during the effective reproductive period of the insect.
印度的昆虫分类学家和应用昆虫学家对桔小实蝇（Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley）（半翅目：粉蚧科）产生了浓厚的研究兴趣，这主要是因为桔小实蝇具有入侵性、传播速度快、形态和生物多样性变化以及需要建立有效控制策略等特点。2009 年 8 月至 10 月，在印度中部，以实验室条件在棉花上研究了桔小实蝇的生物学特性，平均温度和相对湿度分别为 23.3-30.2°C 和 40.5-92.5%RH。从田间种群中孵出的幼龄若虫被收集起来作为研究种群。从幼龄若虫到成虫的发育阶段，雄性（18.7 ± 0.9 天）比雌性（13.2 ± 1.8 天）长，这可能是因为雄性需要额外的蛹化阶段。第二代若虫的存活率（45.5%）低于第一代和第三代若虫（71.4%）。雌性表现出动态的繁殖力模式，每只雌虫产生的幼龄若虫数量在 128 到 812 之间，平均为 344 ± 82。繁殖期持续 30.2 ± 8.2 天。孤雌生殖与胎生（96.5%）为主，产卵（3.5%）为辅。雌成虫的寿命为 42.4 ± 5.7 天。雄成虫占种群的比例不到 5%，寿命为 1.5 ± 0.1 天。讨论了桔小实蝇雌成虫的生活史参数与棉花作物出现症状的关系，以及在昆虫有效繁殖期进行管理干预的重要性。
