Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, UK.
Br J Nutr. 2010 Dec;104(12):1858-67. doi: 10.1017/S000711451000293X. Epub 2010 Sep 28.
The effect of consuming different amounts of whey protein on appetite and energy intake was investigated in two separate studies using randomised, crossover designs. Healthy-weight men and women (range: BMI 19·0-25·0 kg/m², age 19·4-40·4 years) consumed one of four 400 ml liquid preloads, followed by an ad libitum test meal 90 min later. In study 1, preloads were 1675 kJ with 12·5, 25 or 50 % of energy from protein, and in study 2, preloads were 1047 kJ with 10, 20 or 40 % energy from protein. Flavoured water was used as the control in both the studies. Appetite ratings were collected immediately before 30, 60 and 90 min after consuming the preloads; and immediately, 30 and 60 min after consuming the test meal. In study 1, energy intake following the control preload (4136 ((SEM) 337) kJ) was significantly higher than each of the 12·5 % (3520 ((SEM) 296) kJ), 25 % (3384 ((SEM) 265) kJ) and 50 % (2853 ((SEM) 244) kJ) protein preloads (P < 0·05). Intake after the 12·5 % preload was significantly higher than following 25 and 50 % preloads (P < 0·05). In study 2, energy intake following the control preload (4801 ((SEM) 325) kJ) was higher than following the 10 % (4205 ((SEM) 310) kJ), 20 % (3988 ((SEM) 250) kJ) and 40 % (3801 ((SEM) 245) kJ) protein preloads (P < 0·05). There were no differences in subjective appetite ratings between preloads in either study. These findings indicate a dose-response effect of protein content of the preload on energy intake at a subsequent meal.
在两项使用随机交叉设计的研究中，研究了摄入不同量乳清蛋白对食欲和能量摄入的影响。健康体重的男性和女性（范围：BMI 19.0-25.0 kg/m²，年龄 19.4-40.4 岁）饮用了四种 400 毫升的液体预餐之一，然后在 90 分钟后摄入随意的测试餐。在研究 1 中，预餐的能量为 1675 千焦耳，其中蛋白质提供 12.5%、25%或 50%的能量；在研究 2 中，预餐的能量为 1047 千焦耳，其中蛋白质提供 10%、20%或 40%的能量。在两项研究中，均使用调味水作为对照。在饮用预餐 30、60 和 90 分钟后立即收集食欲评分；并在饮用测试餐立即、30 和 60 分钟后立即收集食欲评分。在研究 1 中，与对照预餐（4136 ((SEM) 337) 千焦耳）相比，摄入 12.5%（3520 ((SEM) 296) 千焦耳）、25%（3384 ((SEM) 265) 千焦耳）和 50%（2853 ((SEM) 244) 千焦耳）蛋白质预餐的能量摄入显著更高（P < 0.05）。摄入 12.5%的预餐后，摄入显著高于 25%和 50%的预餐（P < 0.05）。在研究 2 中，与对照预餐（4801 ((SEM) 325) 千焦耳）相比，摄入 10%（4205 ((SEM) 310) 千焦耳）、20%（3988 ((SEM) 250) 千焦耳）和 40%（3801 ((SEM) 245) 千焦耳）蛋白质预餐的能量摄入更高（P < 0.05）。在两项研究中，预餐之间的主观食欲评分没有差异。这些发现表明，预餐中蛋白质含量对随后餐的能量摄入存在剂量反应效应。
