Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Pediatrics. 2010 Oct;126(4):e788-95. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-1187. Epub 2010 Sep 27.
To determine the incidence of reading disability (RD) among children with and without research-identified attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), separately according to gender, in a population-based birth cohort.
Subjects included all children born in 1976-1982 remaining in Rochester, Minnesota, after 5 years of age (n=5718). Information from medical, school, and private tutorial records was abstracted. Cumulative incidence of RD, by any of 3 RD formulas, in children with and without ADHD and corresponding hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated separately according to gender.
Cumulative incidence of RD by the age of 19 years was significantly higher in children with ADHD (51% in boys, 46.7% in girls) compared with those without ADHD (14.5% in boys, 7.7% in girls). Among children with ADHD, the risk for RD was similar in boys versus girls (HR: 1.0). However, among children without ADHD, boys were 2.0 times more likely than girls to meet RD criteria. Among girls, the HR for the risk for RD associated with ADHD (versus those without ADHD) was 8.1 (95% confidence interval: 5.7-11.5), which was significantly higher than the corresponding HR among boys (3.9 [95% confidence interval: 3.2-4.9]).
The risk for RD is significantly greater among children with ADHD compared with those without ADHD. Among children with ADHD, the risk for RD is the same for boys and girls. However, among children without ADHD, boys are more at risk for RD than girls. Among girls, the magnitude of increased risk for RD associated with ADHD is nearly twice that among boys, because girls without ADHD are less likely to have RD than boys without ADHD.
在一个基于人群的出生队列中，分别按性别确定患有和不患有研究确定的注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童的阅读障碍（RD）的发生率。
研究对象包括在明尼苏达州罗彻斯特市居住满 5 年、年龄在 1976 年至 1982 年出生的所有儿童（n=5718）。从医疗、学校和私人辅导记录中提取信息。根据任何 3 种 RD 公式，计算患有和不患有 ADHD 的儿童的 RD 累积发生率，并按性别分别计算相应的风险比（HR）。
19 岁时 RD 的累积发生率在患有 ADHD 的儿童中明显高于不患有 ADHD 的儿童（男孩为 51%，女孩为 46.7%）。在患有 ADHD 的儿童中，男孩与女孩的 RD 风险相似（HR：1.0）。然而，在不患有 ADHD 的儿童中，男孩发生 RD 的可能性是女孩的 2.0 倍。在女孩中，与不患有 ADHD 的儿童相比，患有 ADHD 发生 RD 的风险比（HR）为 8.1（95%置信区间：5.7-11.5），明显高于男孩的相应 HR（3.9[95%置信区间：3.2-4.9]）。
患有 ADHD 的儿童发生 RD 的风险明显高于不患有 ADHD 的儿童。在患有 ADHD 的儿童中，男孩和女孩的 RD 风险相同。然而，在不患有 ADHD 的儿童中，男孩发生 RD 的风险高于女孩。在女孩中，与 ADHD 相关的 RD 风险增加幅度几乎是男孩的两倍，因为不患有 ADHD 的女孩发生 RD 的可能性小于不患有 ADHD 的男孩。
