Department of Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Vet Parasitol. 2010 Dec 15;174(3-4):241-6. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.08.023. Epub 2010 Aug 27.
Human alveolar echinococcosis, caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, is the most pathogenic helminthic zoonosis in the temperate and arctic region of Europe. Between November 2008 and February 2009, 840 red fox (Vulpes vulpes) carcasses, were randomly collected from the whole Hungarian territory. The intestinal mucosa from all the foxes was tested by sedimentation and counting technique. E. multilocularis adult worms were detected in foxes of 16 out of the 19 Hungarian counties and in the suburban areas of the capital, Budapest. The prevalence and abundance of infection was significantly (P<0.001) higher in the north-western half (16.2%, CI=14.5-17.9; m ± SE=165.5 ± 112.4) than in the south-eastern half of the country (4.2%, CI=3.2-5.2; m ± SE=3.6 ± 2.1). The highest prevalence (26.6%, CI=22.5-30.8%) and abundance (m ± SE=614.2 ± 469.3) was observed in the Northern Mountain Region bordering Slovakia. The multi-locus microsatellite analysis of 81 worms showed the presence of four out of the five main European profiles. The H profile was the most common profile (55.5%) with nine genotypes, followed by the G (18.5%) with two genotypes, E (13.6%) with one genotype and D (12.4%) with two genotypes. The genetic distance was not statistically correlated with the geographical distance of the samples, supporting the hypothesis that the geographical distance is only a minor factor among those involved in the genetic distribution of this parasite in Europe. These data indicate that Hungary should be considered as a peripheral area of a single European focus, where the dispersal movement of foxes resulted in the spreading of the parasite from one county to another within a time period short enough to avoid a substantial genetic drift.
人类泡型包虫病是由细粒棘球绦虫引起的，是欧洲温带和北极地区最具致病性的寄生虫性动物传染病。2008 年 11 月至 2009 年 2 月，从匈牙利全境随机采集了 840 只红狐（Vulpes vulpes）尸体。采用沉淀计数技术检测所有狐狸的肠黏膜。在 19 个匈牙利县中的 16 个县以及首都布达佩斯的郊区的狐狸中检测到细粒棘球绦虫成虫。在该国西北部（16.2%，置信区间=14.5-17.9；m ± SE=165.5 ± 112.4），感染的流行率和丰度明显（P<0.001）高于东南部（4.2%，置信区间=3.2-5.2；m ± SE=3.6 ± 2.1）。在与斯洛伐克接壤的北部山区，观察到最高的流行率（26.6%，置信区间=22.5-30.8%）和丰度（m ± SE=614.2 ± 469.3）。对 81 条蠕虫的多位点微卫星分析显示，存在欧洲五个主要图谱中的四个图谱。H 图谱是最常见的图谱（55.5%），有 9 个基因型，其次是 G 图谱（18.5%），有 2 个基因型，E 图谱（13.6%），有 1 个基因型，D 图谱（12.4%），有 2 个基因型。遗传距离与样本的地理距离没有统计学相关性，支持这样的假设，即地理距离只是参与该寄生虫在欧洲遗传分布的众多因素之一。这些数据表明，匈牙利应被视为一个单一欧洲焦点的外围地区，在该地区，狐狸的扩散运动导致寄生虫在短时间内从一个县传播到另一个县，从而避免了大量的遗传漂移。
