Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, 2205 Tech Drive, Hogan 2-100, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010;694:138-59. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7002-2_11.
The stability of the proteome is crucial to the health of the cell, and contributes significantly to the lifespan of the organism. Aging and many age-related diseases have in common the expression of misfolded and damaged proteins. The chronic expression of damaged proteins during disease can have devastating consequences on protein homeostasis (proteostasis), resulting in disruption ofnumerous biological processes. This chapter discusses our current understanding of the various contributors to protein misfolding, and the mechanisms by which misfolding, and accompanied aggregation/toxicity, is accelerated by stress and aging. Invertebrate models have been instrumental in studying the processes related to aggregation and toxicity of disease-associated proteins and how dysregulation ofproteostasis leads to neurodegenerative diseases of aging.
蛋白质组的稳定性对细胞的健康至关重要,并且对生物体的寿命有重大贡献。衰老和许多与年龄相关的疾病都有一个共同点,即表达错误折叠和受损的蛋白质。在疾病过程中慢性表达受损的蛋白质会对蛋白质的动态平衡(蛋白质稳态)产生毁灭性的后果,从而破坏许多生物过程。本章讨论了我们对导致蛋白质错误折叠的各种因素的理解,以及错误折叠和伴随的聚集/毒性如何因压力和衰老而加速的机制。无脊椎动物模型在研究与疾病相关蛋白质的聚集和毒性相关的过程以及蛋白质动态平衡失调如何导致衰老相关的神经退行性疾病方面发挥了重要作用。