Silbergeld E K
Department of Toxicology, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201.
Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Nov;89:49-54. doi: 10.1289/ehp.908949.
Recent advances in research on low-level lead poisoning point to the need to increase efforts to prevent exposure. Current biomedical consensus accepts that blood lead levels as low as 5 to 15 mcg/dL are risky to fetuses, young children, and adults. Lead at low dose is associated with increased blood pressure in adults, and chronic exposure has been associated in cohort studies with kidney disease and cancer. Data on lead toxicokinetics also points to the hazards of low-level, chronic exposure, since the lead that is accumulated over time in bone can be released at a relatively rapid rate during pregnancy and menopause. Sources that contribute to current lead exposure of the general population include unabated lead-based paint and contaminated soils, as well as lower level but pervasive sources in drinking water, food, and consumer products.
低水平铅中毒的最新研究进展表明，需要加大预防接触铅的力度。目前的生物医学共识认为，血液铅水平低至5至15微克/分升对胎儿、幼儿和成人都有风险。低剂量铅与成人血压升高有关，队列研究表明，长期接触铅与肾脏疾病和癌症有关。铅的毒代动力学数据也表明了低水平长期接触的危害，因为随着时间的推移在骨骼中积累的铅在怀孕和绝经期间可能会以相对较快的速度释放出来。导致普通人群当前铅接触的来源包括未减弱的含铅涂料和受污染的土壤，以及饮用水、食品和消费品中含量较低但普遍存在的来源。
