Kurtin D, Therrell B L, Patterson P
School of Public Health, University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center 77225, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Jan;105(1):66-8. doi: 10.1289/ehp.9710566.
This is the first large population-based study of demographic risk factors for elevated lead in Texas children. It summarizes data on 92,900 children covered by Medicaid screened for blood lead during the first 6 months of 1993 in Texas. The highest percentage of elevated lead levels (14.3%) was in children 25-36 months of age, with slightly lower percentages in those younger (13% of 19-24 months) and older (12% of 37-48 months) with blood lead levels greater than 10 micrograms/dl. The group with the highest percentage of elevated blood lead levels was 2-4-year-old African American males (17.3%) making this subgroup 3.5 times higher than the group with the lowest percentage-white girls over age 4 (4.8%). Males had higher blood lead levels for all ages and ethnic groups. Three principal risk factors were found for excessive blood lead in children: ethnicity, gender, and age; this is consistent with the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) and Phase I of the NHANES III results demonstrating ethnicity and income association with lead in children in the United States.
这是对得克萨斯州儿童血铅水平升高的人口统计学风险因素进行的首次大规模基于人群的研究。它总结了1993年得克萨斯州医疗补助计划覆盖的92,900名儿童在头6个月接受血铅筛查的数据。血铅水平升高比例最高的是25至36个月大的儿童（14.3%），年龄较小（19至24个月的儿童中有13%）和较大（37至48个月的儿童中有12%）且血铅水平高于10微克/分升的儿童比例略低。血铅水平升高比例最高的群体是2至4岁的非裔美国男性（17.3%），这一亚组比比例最低的群体——4岁以上白人女孩（4.8%）高出3.5倍。所有年龄和种族群体中男性的血铅水平都更高。研究发现儿童血铅超标有三个主要风险因素：种族、性别和年龄；这与第二次全国健康和营养检查调查（NHANES II）以及NHANES III第一阶段的结果一致，这些结果表明美国儿童的种族和收入与血铅有关。
