Veterans Research Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
Obes Surg. 2011 Mar;21(3):397-403. doi: 10.1007/s11695-010-0281-1.
Intestinal electrical stimulation (IES) has been introduced as a potential therapy for obesity. However, it is unknown whether the effects of IES on gastrointestinal motility and food intake are location-specific. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of "appendix" (cecum in dog) electrical stimulation (AES) on gastric tone, gastric emptying, and food intake in dogs.
Twelve healthy dogs were used in three experiments. In experiments 1 and 2, gastric tone and food intake were studied in six dogs implanted with a gastric cannula and one pair of stimulation electrodes in the "appendix." Experiment 3 was performed to study gastric emptying in six dogs with a duodenal cannula and one pair of stimulation electrodes in the "appendix."
(1) AES resulted in proximal gastric distention, with gastric volume increased from 114.9 ± 10.7 mL at baseline to 301.7 ± 37.1 mL during AES (p = 0.001), and the effect was completely blocked by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. (2) Gastric emptying was delayed at 90 min from 69.8 ± 9.5% in the control session to 15.2 ± 3.6% in the AES session (p = 0.002). 3) AES reduced food intake (average daily intake over a 1-week period) by 55.4% (550.4 ± 17.6 g at control vs. 245.7 ± 17.1 g with AES, p < 0.001).
AES reduces gastric tone via the nitrergic pathway, delays gastric emptying, and inhibits food intake in healthy dogs. These data suggest the therapeutic potential of AES for obesity. Additionally, AES is technically more feasible than electrical stimulation of the stomach or duodenum because a stimulator with electrodes may be placed into the appendix via colonoscopy.
肠道电刺激（IES）已被引入作为肥胖症的一种潜在治疗方法。然而，IES 对胃肠动力和食物摄入的影响是否具有特定部位尚不清楚。本研究旨在评估“阑尾”（犬的盲肠）电刺激（AES）对犬胃张力、胃排空和食物摄入的影响。
在三项实验中使用了 12 只健康犬。在实验 1 和 2 中，对 6 只植入胃套管和一对刺激电极的“阑尾”的胃张力和食物摄入进行了研究。在实验 3 中，对 6 只具有十二指肠套管和一对刺激电极的“阑尾”的胃排空进行了研究。
（1）AES 导致胃近端扩张，胃容量从基线时的 114.9±10.7ml 增加到 AES 时的 301.7±37.1ml（p=0.001），该作用完全被一氧化氮合酶抑制剂阻断。（2）胃排空在 90 分钟时从对照期的 69.8±9.5%延迟至 AES 期的 15.2±3.6%（p=0.002）。（3）AES 使食物摄入量减少 55.4%（对照期平均每天摄入 550.4±17.6g，AES 期为 245.7±17.1g，p<0.001）。
AES 通过氮能途径降低胃张力，延迟胃排空，并抑制健康犬的食物摄入。这些数据表明 AES 对肥胖症具有治疗潜力。此外，与胃或十二指肠电刺激相比，AES 在技术上更可行，因为带有电极的刺激器可以通过结肠镜放置到阑尾中。
