Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA North Texas Health Care System & University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas VA Medical Center, 4500 South Lancaster Road, Dallas, TX 75216, USA.
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Nov;7(11):620-8. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2010.153. Epub 2010 Oct 5.
Standard protocols for the diagnosis of neoplasms in the gastrointestinal tract are based on histopathologic analysis in combination with clinical information. With the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003, our understanding of the contribution of genetics to human disease has increased exponentially. This knowledge is gradually being incorporated into clinical decision-making. However, the rate at which molecular biomarkers are validated for use in mainstream clinical applications has lagged far behind that of biomarker discovery. Nevertheless, a number of molecular biomarkers are available for use in the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal tract neoplasms. This article reviews the most common molecular biomarkers currently available for neoplasms of the luminal gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. In neoplasms of the esophagus, for which no biomarkers are currently used in routine clinical practice, those that have shown the most promise in early clinical validation studies are discussed.
用于胃肠道肿瘤诊断的标准方案基于组织病理学分析，并结合临床信息。随着 2003 年人类基因组计划的完成，我们对遗传因素在人类疾病中的作用的理解呈指数级增长。这些知识逐渐被纳入临床决策。然而，分子生物标志物在主流临床应用中的验证速度远远落后于生物标志物的发现速度。尽管如此，仍有许多分子生物标志物可用于胃肠道肿瘤和胰腺肿瘤的诊断和治疗。本文综述了目前用于腔道胃肠道和胰腺肿瘤最常见的分子生物标志物。对于目前在常规临床实践中尚未使用生物标志物的食管肿瘤，本文讨论了在早期临床验证研究中最有希望的生物标志物。
