Liver Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
J Hematol Oncol. 2010 Oct 6;3:37. doi: 10.1186/1756-8722-3-37.
MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that function to control gene expression. These small RNAs have been shown to contribute to the control of cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis, important features related to cancer development and progression. In fact, recent studies have shown the utility of microRNAs as cancer-related biomarkers. This is due to the finding that microRNAs display altered expression profiles in cancers versus normal tissue. In addition, microRNAs have been associated with cancer progression. In this review, the mechanisms to alter microRNA expression and their relation to cancer will be addressed. Moreover, the potential application of microRNAs in clinical settings will also be highlighted. Finally, the challenges regarding the translation of research involving microRNAs to the clinical realm will be discussed.
微小 RNA 是一种小的非编码 RNA，其功能是控制基因表达。这些小 RNA 已被证明有助于控制细胞生长、分化和凋亡，这些都是与癌症发展和进展相关的重要特征。事实上，最近的研究表明微小 RNA 可用作癌症相关的生物标志物。这是因为发现微小 RNA 在癌症与正常组织中的表达谱发生了改变。此外，微小 RNA 与癌症的进展有关。在这篇综述中，将讨论改变微小 RNA 表达的机制及其与癌症的关系。此外，还将强调微小 RNA 在临床环境中的潜在应用。最后，将讨论将涉及微小 RNA 的研究转化为临床领域所面临的挑战。
