Princess Amalia Children's Clinic, Isala Klinieken, 8000 GK, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
Eur Respir J. 2010 Sep;36(3):671-8. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00185709.
Asthma in adults is associated with comorbidities such as obesity, gastro-oesophageal reflux, dysfunctional breathing and mental disorders. Herein, we provide an overview of the current state of evidence on these comorbidities in childhood asthma. The prevalence, known mechanisms and possible treatment options for each comorbid condition will be discussed. Obesity is an increasing health problem in children, but its relationship with asthma remains unclear. Allergic rhinitis is a very common comorbidity in asthma, both in children and in adults, but its effect on childhood asthma severity has not been studied. The prevalence and treatment options of dysfunctional breathing, a known comorbidity in adult asthma, have not yet been studied in paediatric asthma. Food allergies appear to cause more severe reactions in patients with asthma. Depressive disorders are more prevalent in childhood asthma than in healthy children, but seem to be poorly recognised and treated in children. Although gastro-oesophageal reflux is commonly thought to be a comorbid disease complicating asthma, it remains uncertain whether treatment improves asthma control. In conclusion, knowledge of asthma comorbidities in childhood is sparse. Further studies are urgently needed to identify the prevalence, and, more importantly, the effects of these comorbidities and their treatment on the degree of asthma control in children.
成人哮喘与肥胖症、胃食管反流、呼吸功能障碍和精神障碍等合并症有关。在此，我们概述了目前关于儿童哮喘这些合并症的证据现状。将讨论每种合并症的患病率、已知机制和可能的治疗选择。肥胖症是儿童中日益严重的健康问题，但它与哮喘的关系尚不清楚。变应性鼻炎是哮喘的一种非常常见的合并症，在儿童和成人中都很常见，但它对儿童哮喘严重程度的影响尚未得到研究。功能障碍性呼吸是成人哮喘的一种已知合并症，其在儿科哮喘中的患病率和治疗选择尚未得到研究。食物过敏似乎会在哮喘患者中引起更严重的反应。与健康儿童相比，儿童哮喘中抑郁障碍更为常见，但在儿童中似乎未得到充分认识和治疗。虽然胃食管反流通常被认为是一种使哮喘复杂化的合并疾病，但治疗是否能改善哮喘控制仍不确定。总之，儿童哮喘合并症的知识还很匮乏。迫切需要进一步的研究来确定这些合并症及其治疗对儿童哮喘控制程度的患病率，更重要的是，确定它们的影响。
