全球健康教育：一项针对德国医学生的横断面研究，旨在确定需求、不足和潜在益处（共两部分：第 2 部分：知识差距和潜在益处）。
Global Health Education: a cross-sectional study among German medical students to identify needs, deficits and potential benefits (Part 2 of 2: Knowledge gaps and potential benefits).
机构信息
Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany.
出版信息
BMC Med Educ. 2010 Oct 8;10:67. doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-10-67.
BACKGROUND
In Germany, educational deficits or potential benefits involved in global health education have not been analysed till now.
OBJECTIVE
We assess the importance medical students place on learning about social determinants of health (SDH) and assess their knowledge of global health topics in relation to (i) mobility patterns, their education in (ii) tropical medicine or (iii) global health.
METHODS
Cross-sectional study among medical students from all 36 medical schools in Germany using a web-based, semi-structured questionnaire. Participants were recruited via mailing-lists of students' unions, all medical students registered in 2007 were eligible to participate in the study. We captured international mobility patterns, exposure to global health learning opportunities and attitudes to learning about SDH. Both an objective and subjective knowledge assessment were performed.
RESULTS
1126 online-replies were received and analysed. International health electives in developing countries correlated significantly with a higher importance placed on all provided SDH (p ≤ 0.006). Participation in tropical medicine (p < 0.03) and global health courses (p < 0.02) were significantly associated with a higher rating of 'culture, language and religion' and the 'economic system'. Global health trainings correlated with significantly higher ratings of the 'educational system' (p = 0.007) and the 'health system structure' (p = 0.007), while the item 'politics' was marginally significant (p = 0.053).In the knowledge assessment students achieved an average score of 3.6 (SD 1.5; Mdn 4.0), 75% achieved a score of 4.0 or less (Q25 = 3.0; Q75 = 4.0) from a maximum achievable score of 8.0. A better performance was associated with international health electives (p = 0.032), participation in tropical medicine (p = 0.038) and global health (p = 0.258) courses.
CONCLUSION
The importance medical students in our sample placed on learning about SDH strongly interacts with students' mobility, and participation in tropical medicine and global health courses. The knowledge assessment revealed deficits and outlined needs to further analyse education gaps in global health. Developing concerted educational interventions aimed at fostering students' engagement with SDH could make full use of synergy effects inherent in student mobility, tropical medicine and global health education.
背景
在德国，全球健康教育中涉及的教育缺陷或潜在益处尚未得到分析。
目的
我们评估医学生对学习社会决定因素健康（SDH）的重视程度，并评估他们对全球健康主题的了解程度，具体涉及（i）流动模式，（ii）热带医学或（iii）全球健康方面的教育。
方法
使用基于网络的半结构化问卷，对德国 36 所医学院的医学生进行横断面研究。通过学生会的邮件列表招募参与者，所有 2007 年注册的医学生都有资格参加这项研究。我们记录了国际流动模式、接触全球健康学习机会的情况以及对学习 SDH 的态度。我们进行了客观和主观的知识评估。
结果
共收到并分析了 1126 份在线回复。在发展中国家进行的国际卫生选修课程与对所有提供的 SDH 的更高重视程度显著相关（p ≤ 0.006）。参与热带医学（p < 0.03）和全球健康课程（p < 0.02）与对“文化、语言和宗教”和“经济体系”的更高评价显著相关。全球卫生培训与对“教育体系”（p = 0.007）和“卫生系统结构”（p = 0.007）的更高评价显著相关，而“政治”项则略有显著意义（p = 0.053）。在知识评估中，学生的平均得分为 3.6（SD 1.5；Mdn 4.0），75%的学生得分在 4.0 或以下（Q25 = 3.0；Q75 = 4.0），最高得分为 8.0。更好的表现与国际卫生选修课程（p = 0.032）、参与热带医学（p = 0.038）和全球健康（p = 0.258）课程相关。
结论
我们样本中的医学生对学习 SDH 的重视程度与学生的流动性以及参与热带医学和全球健康课程密切相关。知识评估显示存在缺陷，并概述了需要进一步分析全球健康教育中的差距。制定协调一致的教育干预措施，旨在促进学生参与 SDH，可以充分利用学生流动、热带医学和全球健康教育中固有的协同效应。
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