Department of Psychiatry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
Pediatr Neurol. 2010 Nov;43(5):307-15. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2010.07.001.
Over the past two decades, catatonia has been better demarcated in adult psychiatry as a unique syndrome that consists of specific motor signs with a characteristic response to benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy. Pediatric catatonia is considered rare, but may be underdiagnosed, and hence undertreated. Discussed here are the current diagnostic criteria of catatonia in individual cases of children and adolescents diagnosed with childhood disintegrative disorder, Kleine-Levin syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, tic disorder, and autoimmune encephalitis, and the effects of benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy. In these cases, catatonia resolved safely once it was recognized and treated properly. Children and adolescents presenting with these disorders should be systematically assessed for catatonia; when the presence of catatonia is confirmed, the use of benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy should be considered. The occurrence of catatonia in such a wide range of child and adolescent disorders supports the view that pediatric catatonia is not so rare, that there are shared elements in the etiology, psychopathology, and pathophysiology of these disorders, and that catatonia is best classified as a unique neurobiologic syndrome.
在过去的二十年中，成人精神病学中更好地区分了紧张症，将其定义为一种独特的综合征，包括特定的运动迹象，对苯二氮䓬类药物和电惊厥治疗有特征性反应。儿科紧张症被认为很少见，但可能诊断不足，因此治疗不足。本文讨论了儿童和青少年中儿童解体障碍、克莱因-莱文综合征、普拉德-威利综合征、抽动障碍和自身免疫性脑炎等诊断为儿童和青少年的紧张症的当前诊断标准，以及苯二氮䓬类药物和电惊厥治疗的效果。在这些情况下，一旦识别出并正确治疗，紧张症就会安全地得到解决。出现这些障碍的儿童和青少年应系统评估紧张症；当确认存在紧张症时，应考虑使用苯二氮䓬类药物和电惊厥治疗。紧张症在如此广泛的儿童和青少年疾病中的发生支持这样一种观点，即儿科紧张症并不罕见，这些疾病在病因、精神病理学和病理生理学方面有共同的因素，紧张症最好被归类为一种独特的神经生物学综合征。
