Moore Shavon, Amatya Debha N, Chu Michael M, Besterman Aaron D
University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA.
Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Division of Behavioral Health Services, San Diego, CA, USA.
Npj Ment Health Res. 2022 Sep 14;1(1):12. doi: 10.1038/s44184-022-00012-9.
Individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDDs) may be at increased risk for catatonia, which can be an especially challenging condition to diagnose and treat. There may be symptom overlap between catatonia and NDD-associated behaviors, such as stereotypies. The diagnosis of catatonia should perhaps be adjusted to address symptom overlap and to include extreme behaviors observed in patients with NDDs, such as severe self-injury. Risk factors for catatonia in individuals with NDDs may include trauma and certain genetic variants, such as those that disrupt SHANK3. Common etiologic features between neurodevelopmental disabilities and catatonia, such as excitatory/inhibitory imbalance and neuroimmune dysfunction, may partially account for comorbidity. New approaches leveraging genetic testing and neuroimmunologic evaluation may allow for more precise diagnoses and effective treatments.
患有神经发育障碍（NDDs）的个体可能患紧张症的风险增加，而紧张症可能是一种诊断和治疗都特别具有挑战性的病症。紧张症和与NDD相关的行为（如刻板行为）之间可能存在症状重叠。紧张症的诊断或许应进行调整，以解决症状重叠问题，并纳入在NDD患者中观察到的极端行为，如严重的自我伤害。NDD个体患紧张症的风险因素可能包括创伤和某些基因变异，如那些破坏SHANK3的基因变异。神经发育障碍和紧张症之间的常见病因特征，如兴奋/抑制失衡和神经免疫功能障碍，可能部分解释了共病现象。利用基因检测和神经免疫学评估的新方法可能会实现更精确的诊断和有效的治疗。
