Department of Psychiatry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216, USA.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2012 Jan;125(1):25-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01779.x. Epub 2011 Oct 24.
Catatonia is considered a unique syndrome of motor signs, at times life-threatening when aggravated by autonomic dysfunction and fever, but eminently treatable with specific medical treatments, if recognized early. Catatonia commonly occurs in children and adolescents with a wide range of associated disorders. The role of deprivation, abuse, or trauma in the development of pediatric catatonia is examined.
Reports considering deprivation, abuse, or trauma as precipitants of catatonia in pediatric cases are culled from the classic writings on catatonia and from a selective review of modern contributions.
Kahlbaum gave trauma a central role in catatonia in many young adult cases. Kanner described children with psychogenic catalepsy. Anaclitic depression, a condition found by Spitz in deprived institutionalized children, strongly resembles stuporous catatonia. Leonhard considered lack of communication with the mother or substitute mother as an important risk factor for childhood catatonia. Children including those with autism who experience emotional and physical trauma sometimes develop catatonia. The clinical descriptions of children with classic catatonic syndromes and those of contemporary refugee children with a syndrome labeled Pervasive Refusal Syndrome are similar.
The literature supports the view that deprivation, abuse, and trauma can precipitate catatonia in children and adolescents.
紧张症被认为是一种独特的运动体征综合征，当伴有自主神经功能障碍和发热时，病情可能会加重，甚至危及生命，但如果能及早识别，可通过特定的医学治疗得到有效治疗。紧张症常见于伴有多种相关疾病的儿童和青少年。本研究探讨了剥夺、虐待或创伤在儿童紧张症发病中的作用。
从紧张症的经典著作和现代文献的选择性回顾中，筛选出考虑剥夺、虐待或创伤作为儿童紧张症诱发因素的报告。
Kahlbaum 在许多年轻成年病例中认为创伤在紧张症中起核心作用。Kanner 描述了患有心因性僵住症的儿童。Spitz 在被剥夺的机构化儿童中发现的依恋性抑郁，与昏迷性紧张症非常相似。Leonhard 认为与母亲或替代母亲缺乏交流是儿童紧张症的一个重要危险因素。包括自闭症儿童在内的经历情感和身体创伤的儿童有时会发展为紧张症。具有经典紧张症综合征的儿童的临床描述与被贴上“普遍拒绝综合征”标签的当代难民儿童的临床描述相似。
文献支持剥夺、虐待和创伤可能会引发儿童和青少年紧张症的观点。
