IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Germany.
Hum Mov Sci. 2011 Oct;30(5):916-30. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2010.07.004. Epub 2010 Oct 12.
Humans have unique abilities in using tools. The skilled and goal-directed use of a tool implies that processes of motor control can be adjusted to the transformation of the movement of a part of the body into the movement of the effective part of the tool. A common example is the transformation of a hand movement in the motion of a cursor on a computer monitor. In part the adjustments to such transformations are implicit, that is, without conscious awareness of the novel transformation and the appropriate change of one's own movements. However, the adjustments can also be explicit and intentional. We review a series of experiments which show that implicit and explicit adjustments to a novel visuo-motor gain are additive. This finding suggests that the processes which generate different types of adjustment are functionally independent. In a second series of experiments it turned out that at older adult age explicit adjustments to novel visuo-motor transformations are impaired, whereas implicit adjustments remain unaffected across working age.
人类在使用工具方面具有独特的能力。熟练且有目标导向地使用工具意味着运动控制过程可以根据将身体某一部分的运动转化为工具有效部分的运动进行调整。一个常见的例子是手部运动转化为计算机显示器上光标的运动。部分调整是内隐的，也就是说，没有意识到新的转换和自身运动的适当变化。然而，调整也可以是外显和有意的。我们回顾了一系列实验，这些实验表明对新的视动增益的内隐和外显调整是可累加的。这一发现表明，产生不同类型调整的过程在功能上是相互独立的。在第二个系列的实验中，结果表明在老年时，对新的视动转换的外显调整受损，而内隐调整在整个工作年龄期间不受影响。
