Division of Biological Sciences, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0322, USA.
J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2010 Nov;30(11):825-8. doi: 10.1089/jir.2010.0080. Epub 2010 Oct 12.
Plants rely heavily on an adaptive RNA degradation system mediated by an RNA interference mechanism to combat viral infection, whereas mammals fight infection with specific antibodies and lymphocytes that are adapted to specific viral antigens, and also employ nonadaptive defenses, such as production of interferons (IFNs) that block viral replication and stimulate the host immune response. Therefore, the IFN system represents an integral part of the mammalian antiviral innate immunity, and it is not surprising to find that cellular, IFN-regulated microRNAs contribute to this antiviral defense. In contrast, virus-encoded microRNAs target host cell factors that are either required for the induction of IFNs after pathogen recognition, or are involved in the cellular responses to these pleiotropic cytokines.
植物主要依赖于 RNA 干扰机制介导的适应性 RNA 降解系统来抵御病毒感染，而哺乳动物则利用针对特定病毒抗原的特异性抗体和淋巴细胞来抵抗感染，同时还采用非适应性防御机制，如产生干扰素 (IFNs) 来阻止病毒复制并刺激宿主免疫反应。因此，IFN 系统是哺乳动物抗病毒先天免疫的一个组成部分，并不奇怪的是，细胞、IFN 调节的 microRNAs 有助于这种抗病毒防御。相比之下，病毒编码的 microRNAs 靶向宿主细胞因子，这些因子要么是在病原体识别后诱导 IFN 所必需的，要么是参与细胞对这些多效细胞因子的反应。
