Berger Barbara E, Kapella Mary C, Larson Janet L
University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA.
West J Nurs Res. 2011 Nov;33(7):916-32. doi: 10.1177/0193945910384602. Epub 2010 Oct 12.
People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can experience severe dyspnea, tenacious secretions, and a disruptive cough. They often struggle with daily activities and over time tend to decrease the amount of time they spend outside the home. The functional decline accompanying these changes is not adequately explained by physical changes alone. This descriptive, qualitative study describes social changes and experiences of stigma from the perspective of people with moderate to severe COPD. A total of 16 participants (11 men, 5 women) participated in individual interviews regarding effects of COPD on social relationships and experiences with COPD-related stigma. Participants were aware of the potential for stigma related to COPD. Emerging themes included the prevalence of blame related to smoking, both from others, including health care providers, and from themselves. Although many decreases in social activities appear to be pragmatic adaptations to functional limitations, these decisions may also be attempts to avoid potentially stigmatizing situations.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者可能会经历严重的呼吸困难、黏稠分泌物和烦人的咳嗽。他们在日常活动中常常困难重重，随着时间的推移，外出时间往往会减少。这些变化所伴随的功能衰退不能仅用身体变化来充分解释。这项描述性的定性研究从中重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的角度描述了社会变化和耻辱经历。共有16名参与者（11名男性，5名女性）参与了关于慢性阻塞性肺疾病对社会关系的影响以及与慢性阻塞性肺疾病相关耻辱经历的个人访谈。参与者意识到与慢性阻塞性肺疾病相关的耻辱可能性。新出现的主题包括来自他人（包括医疗保健提供者）以及他们自己对吸烟的指责普遍存在。虽然许多社交活动的减少似乎是对功能限制的实际适应，但这些决定也可能是为了避免潜在的耻辱情况。
