Brix G, Veit R, Häusler U
Fachbereich Strahlenschutz und Gesundheit, Abteilung für Medizinischen und Beruflichen Strahlenschutz, Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Deutschland.
Radiologe. 2010 Oct;50(10):913-25; quiz 926-7. doi: 10.1007/s00117-009-1944-6.
In order to secure and continually improve radiation protection standards in the field of medical X-ray imaging, the German X-Ray Ordinance requires that each individual examination be properly justified and that any procedure undertaken be optimized. Diagnostic reference levels have been introduced in Germany as a measure of optimization for common and/or high-dose X-ray procedures, and are regularly checked for compliance by the competent Medical Experts Office. A prerequisite for the implementation of these regulatory requirements is the determination of readily measurable dose quantities. They also form the basis for the estimation of organ doses and of the effective dose for exposure and risk assessment. The aim of this paper is to describe the essential dosimetric concepts and methods used for the assessment of radiographic, fluoroscopic, and CT procedures. In addition, practical measures for reducing the radiation exposure of patients and personnel will be discussed.
为确保并持续提高医学X射线成像领域的辐射防护标准，德国《X射线条例》要求对每一项个体检查进行合理正当化论证，并对所采取的任何程序进行优化。德国已引入诊断参考水平，作为常见和/或高剂量X射线程序优化的一项措施，并由主管的医学专家办公室定期检查是否符合规定。实施这些监管要求的一个先决条件是确定易于测量的剂量量。它们也是估算器官剂量以及用于照射和风险评估的有效剂量的基础。本文的目的是描述用于评估X射线摄影、透视和CT程序的基本剂量学概念和方法。此外，还将讨论降低患者和工作人员辐射暴露的实际措施。
