Japan Automobile Research Institute, Japan.
Appl Ergon. 2011 May;42(4):540-7. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2010.09.007. Epub 2010 Oct 14.
This study investigated causal factor of perceptual failure and possible countermeasure of crossing path crashes at clear-sighted unsignalised intersections.
Crossing path crashes involving two vehicles at intersections are a common and serious problem, and perceptual failure has been identified as a predominant causal factor. Previous studies have showed that late detection of a crossing vehicle frequently occurs even when there are no visual obstructions, at such as rural intersections.
With using a fixed-based driving simulator, three experiments were performed to investigate a driver's ability to detect a periphery presented cross traffic while approaching an intersection. In Experiment 1, drivers' ability to detect crossing vehicles in their peripheral field of view was studied, both in conditions of vehicles following a collision and a non-collision trajectory. In Experiment 2, we examined whether abrupt appearance of a vehicle on collision course would improve detection performance. In Experiment 3, we tested potential of collision warning, if it affects voluntary visual scanning, improving the detection performance regarding hazards cross traffic.
The results of Experiment 1 showed that vehicles on collision course vehicles were detected late. This suggested that the late detection could be related to the lack of motion visible in the peripheral view. In Experiment 2, it was found that abrupt appearance effect ("pop-up" from road side occluding furniture) improves detection performance of a crossing vehicle. The results of Experiment 3 demonstrated that cross traffic collision warnings were beneficial for preventing late detection responses by means of encouraging voluntary visual scanning.
Less attention attractive visual properties of hazardous cross traffic attributed to mutual approaching course can cause recognition failure. Drivers' gaze shift to potential conflicting direction, either reflective or voluntary manner, is crucially important for preventing crossing path crashes at such as rural intersections.
本研究旨在探讨在无信号清晰交叉口感知失败的因果因素以及对交叉路径碰撞的可能对策。
涉及交叉口两辆车辆的交叉路径碰撞是一个常见且严重的问题，感知失败已被确定为主要的因果因素。先前的研究表明，即使在没有视觉障碍物的情况下，例如在农村交叉口，驾驶员也经常会很晚才发现交叉车辆。
本研究使用基于固定的驾驶模拟器进行了三项实验，以研究驾驶员在接近交叉口时检测周边横向交通的能力。在实验 1 中，研究了驾驶员在车辆跟随碰撞和非碰撞轨迹的情况下检测周边视野中交叉车辆的能力。在实验 2 中，我们检查了车辆突然出现在碰撞路线上是否会提高检测性能。在实验 3 中，我们测试了碰撞警告的潜力，如果它影响自愿视觉扫描，从而提高对横向交通危险的检测性能。
实验 1 的结果表明，碰撞路线上的车辆被检测到很晚。这表明，延迟检测可能与周边视野中缺乏可见运动有关。在实验 2 中，发现车辆突然出现的效果（从路边遮挡家具“弹出”）提高了对交叉车辆的检测性能。实验 3 的结果表明，横向交通碰撞警告通过鼓励自愿视觉扫描，有利于防止延迟检测响应。
危险横向交通的相互接近路线导致其视觉属性对驾驶员的吸引力降低，从而导致识别失败。驾驶员的视线转向潜在冲突方向，无论是反射性的还是自愿性的，对于防止此类农村交叉口的交叉路径碰撞至关重要。
