Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2011 Sep;61(Pt 9):2271-2277. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.026633-0. Epub 2010 Oct 15.
A Gram-reaction-positive aerobic actinomycete, designated strain IM17-1(T), was isolated from a honey bee (Apis mellifera) hive in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. The strain formed a branched substrate mycelium and mature aerial mycelium bore short chains of arthrospores with warty surfaces. The cell wall contained meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid (cell-wall type III) and the whole cell sugars were fucose, galactose, glucose, madurose, mannose and ribose. The major isoprenoid quinone was hexahydrogenated menaquinone with nine isoprene units and the predominant cellular fatty acids were C₁₆:₀ (33.8 %), C₁₈:₁ω9c (32.7 %), summed feature 3 (C₁₆:₁ω7c and/or iso-C₁₅:₀ 2-OH) (8.7 %) and 10-methyl C₁₈:₀ (8.2 %). The phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. These morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics were consistent with the classification of IM17-1(T) within the genus Actinomadura. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain IM17-1(T) was closely related to the type strains of Actinomadura cremea subsp. cremea (98.1 %) and Actinomadura cremea subsp. rifamycini (98.6 %); however, it represented a distinct phylogenetic lineage from the other species within this genus. The unique genetic characteristics were reaffirmed by low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain IM17-1(T) and the two most closely related type strains, A. cremea subsp. cremea JCM 3308(T) (56.5±4.9 %) and A. cremea subsp. rifamycini JCM 3309(T) (31.0±22.6 %), and further supported the proposal of IM17-1(T) as a novel species. Strain IM17-1(T) ( = JCM 16576(T) = TISTR 1980(T)) thus represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura, for which the name Actinomadura apis sp. nov. is proposed. In addition, the genotypic and phenotypic data suggested the reclassification of Actinomadura cremea subsp. rifamycini Gauze et al. 1987 as a separate species, Actinomadura rifamycini sp. nov., comb. nov.
一株革兰氏阳性需氧放线菌，编号为 IM17-1(T)，从泰国清迈省的一个蜜蜂蜂巢中分离得到。该菌株形成分支的基质菌丝和成熟的气生菌丝上带有短链的节孢子，表面有疣状。细胞壁含有meso-2,6-二氨基庚二酸（细胞壁类型 III），全细胞糖为岩藻糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、甘露糖和核糖。主要的异戊二烯醌为六氢化甲萘醌，含有九个异戊二烯单元，主要细胞脂肪酸为 C₁₆:₀（33.8%）、C₁₈:₁ω9c（32.7%）、特征总和 3（C₁₆:₁ω7c 和/或 iso-C₁₅:₀ 2-OH）（8.7%）和 10-甲基 C₁₈:₀（8.2%）。磷脂为双磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰肌醇和磷脂酰肌醇甘露糖苷。这些形态学和化学分类学特征与 Actinomadura 属内的 IM17-1(T)分类一致。基于 16S rRNA 基因序列分析，菌株 IM17-1(T)与 Actinomadura cremea subsp. cremea（98.1%）和 Actinomadura cremea subsp. rifamycini（98.6%）的模式菌株密切相关；然而，它与该属内的其他物种代表了一个不同的系统发育谱系。菌株 IM17-1(T)与两个最密切相关的模式菌株，即 Actinomadura cremea subsp. cremea JCM 3308(T)（56.5±4.9%）和 Actinomadura cremea subsp. rifamycini JCM 3309(T)（31.0±22.6%）之间的 DNA-DNA 相关性水平较低，进一步证实了其独特的遗传特征，这也支持了将 IM17-1(T)作为一个新种的提议。菌株 IM17-1(T)（ = JCM 16576(T) = TISTR 1980(T)）因此代表了 Actinomadura 属的一个新种，建议将其命名为 Actinomadura apis sp. nov.。此外，基因型和表型数据表明，需要将 Actinomadura cremea subsp. rifamycini Gauze 等人重新分类为一个单独的物种，即 Actinomadura rifamycini sp. nov.，组合新种。
