Roelcke V
Institut für Geschichte der Medizin, Universität Giessen, Jheringstrasse 6, 35392, Giessen, Deutschland.
Nervenarzt. 2010 Nov;81(11):1317-8, 1320-2, 1324-5. doi: 10.1007/s00115-010-3051-3.
This contribution is a synthesis of the results of historical research on psychiatry during the Nazi period and some implications for present day debates in medical ethics. The focus is on three issues: the relationship between physicians and the state, the impact of eugenically and economically motivated health and social policies for psychiatry (e.g. forced sterilization, patient killing/euthanasia) and psychiatric research. Three myths are deconstructed: 1) that medical atrocities were imposed from above by Nazi politicians on apolitical physicians, 2) that mass sterilization and patient killing had nothing to do with contemporary state of the art of medical reasoning and practice and 3) that ethically unacceptable research on psychiatric patients had nothing to do with the contemporary state of the art of biomedical sciences. It is argued that the findings on these issues of Nazi medicine are not specific to Germany and the period between 1933 and 1945 but they were the extreme manifestations of some potential problems implicit in modern medicine in general.
本文是对纳粹时期精神病学历史研究结果的综合，以及对当今医学伦理辩论的一些启示。重点关注三个问题：医生与国家的关系、出于优生和经济动机的健康及社会政策对精神病学的影响（如强制绝育、杀害患者/安乐死）以及精神病学研究。解构了三个神话：1）医学暴行是纳粹政治家强加给无政治倾向的医生的；2）大规模绝育和杀害患者与当代医学推理和实践的现状无关；3）对精神病患者进行的不符合伦理的研究与当代生物医学科学的现状无关。有人认为，纳粹医学在这些问题上的发现并非德国及1933年至1945年期间所特有，而是现代医学普遍隐含的一些潜在问题的极端表现。
