Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomaterials, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Biofouling. 2010 Nov;26(8):873-82. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2010.524297.
The goal of this comparative study was to investigate biofilm forming microorganisms living in washing machines (WMs). Biofilms were sampled from 11 washing machines from four countries and three continents. Among the 94 isolated strains, 30% were potential human pathogens. Representative strains were selected and biofilm formation was evaluated with the crystal violet (CV) assay. The majority of the WM isolates formed more biofilm than their reference strains. Biofilms of P. putida WM (the largest biofilm producer) were exposed to different concentrations (0.0007-7 g l(-1)) of the standard detergent IEC-A* at 30°C for 30 min and observed with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Using quantitative CVA, P. putida WM biofilm removal required higher detergent concentrations than the type strain. However, for both strains the recommended detergent concentration (7 g l(-1)) was insufficient to completely clean surfaces from cell debris and exopolymeric substances.
本比较研究的目的是调查生活在洗衣机（WM）中的生物膜形成微生物。从四个国家和三个大洲的 11 台洗衣机中采集生物膜样本。在 94 株分离株中，有 30%是潜在的人类病原体。选择代表性菌株并使用结晶紫（CV）测定法评估生物膜形成。大多数 WM 分离株形成的生物膜比其参考菌株多。将 P. putida WM（最大的生物膜生产者）的生物膜暴露于不同浓度（0.0007-7 g l(-1)) 的标准清洁剂 IEC-A*在 30°C 下 30 分钟，并使用共焦激光扫描显微镜观察。使用定量 CVA，P. putida WM 生物膜的去除需要比标准菌株更高的清洁剂浓度。然而，对于这两种菌株，建议的清洁剂浓度（7 g l(-1))不足以完全清除细胞碎片和胞外聚合物物质。
