Ackerman Michelle L, Vance David E, Wadley Virginia G, Ball Karlene K
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Center for Translational Research on Aging & Mobility, Department of Psychology, 1530 3 Avenue South, HM 100, Birmingham, AL, USA, 35294, phone (205) 934-0230, fax (205) 975-2295.
Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav. 2010 Sep 1;13(5):307-314. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2010.06.003.
These secondary analyses were conducted to identify predictors of self-rated driving ability over three years in community-dwelling older adults. From the Staying Keen in Later Life (SKILL) study, baseline and 3-year follow-up data for 426 older drivers were analyzed. Health, visual, physical, psychological and cognitive abilities were examined as prospective predictors of self-rated driving ability over a 3-year period, controlling for baseline self-rated driving. Results indicated that lower baseline ratings of self-efficacy and a diagnosis of osteoporosis independently predicted lower self-rated driving ability at 3-year follow-up. Interestingly, functional performance, such as visual, physical and cognitive abilities, were not predictive of self-ratings of driving ability across three years. Older drivers' self-ratings are more reflective of perceived self-efficacy rather than functional abilities. Self-screening tools for older drivers may be effective in improving the correspondence between perceived ability and actual ability in order to promote better informed decisions about driving regulation.
进行这些二次分析的目的是确定社区居住的老年人三年内自评驾驶能力的预测因素。从“晚年保持敏锐（SKILL）”研究中，分析了426名老年驾驶员的基线数据和3年随访数据。研究考察了健康、视觉、身体、心理和认知能力，将其作为3年期间自评驾驶能力的前瞻性预测因素，并对基线自评驾驶能力进行了控制。结果表明，较低的基线自我效能评分和骨质疏松症诊断独立预测了3年随访时较低的自评驾驶能力。有趣的是，视觉、身体和认知能力等功能表现并不能预测三年来的驾驶能力自评。老年驾驶员的自评更多地反映了感知到的自我效能，而非功能能力。老年驾驶员的自我筛查工具可能有助于提高感知能力与实际能力之间的对应性，从而促进关于驾驶管理的更明智决策。
