Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 546 NRC, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1083, USA.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2011 Feb;213(4):799-808. doi: 10.1007/s00213-010-2038-x. Epub 2010 Oct 20.
In utero cocaine exposure has been associated with alterations in the dopamine (DA) system in monkeys. However, the behavioral outcomes of prenatal cocaine exposure in adulthood are poorly understood.
To assess several behavioral measures in 14-year-old rhesus monkeys exposed to cocaine in utero and controls (n = 10 per group).
For these studies, two unconditioned behavioral tasks, novel object reactivity and locomotor activity, and two conditioned behavioral tasks, response extinction and delay discounting, were examined. In addition, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were analyzed for concentrations of the monoamine metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA).
No differences in CSF concentrations of 5-HIAA and HVA, latencies to touch a novel object or locomotor activity measures were observed between groups or sexes. However, prenatally cocaine-exposed monkeys required a significantly greater number of sessions to reach criteria for extinction of food-reinforced behavior than control monkeys. On the delay-discounting task, male prenatally cocaine-exposed monkeys switched preference from the larger reinforcer to the smaller one at shorter delay values than male control monkeys; no differences were observed in females.
These findings suggest that prenatal cocaine exposure results in long-term neurobehavioral deficits that are influenced by sex of the individual.
在猴子中，子宫内可卡因暴露与多巴胺（DA）系统的改变有关。然而，产前可卡因暴露对成年后的行为结果了解甚少。
评估 14 岁恒河猴在子宫内接触可卡因和对照组（每组 10 只）的几种行为测量。
在这些研究中，检查了两个非条件行为任务，新物体反应和运动活动，以及两个条件行为任务，反应消退和延迟折扣。此外，还分析了脑脊液（CSF）样本中单胺代谢物高香草酸（HVA）和 5-羟吲哚乙酸（5-HIAA）的浓度。
在 CSF 中 5-HIAA 和 HVA 的浓度、接触新物体的潜伏期或运动活动测量方面，组间或性别间均无差异。然而，与对照组相比，产前可卡因暴露的猴子需要更多的疗程才能达到食物强化行为的消退标准。在延迟折扣任务中，与雄性对照组相比，雄性产前可卡因暴露的猴子在较短的延迟值时从较大的奖励物转向较小的奖励物的偏好更高；在雌性中没有观察到差异。
这些发现表明，产前可卡因暴露会导致长期的神经行为缺陷，并且受个体性别的影响。
