Aliyu Muktar H, Alio Amina P, Salihu Hamisu M
Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa 33612, USA.
J Environ Health. 2010 Oct;73(3):8-14; quiz 32.
Researchers have long debated the adverse effects of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on children versus the benefits of breastfeeding. In this article, the authors provide an overview of the known health effects of PCBs in children and examine the level of evidence regarding the risk of postnatal exposure via breastfeeding. The major source of PCBs is environmental, with over 90% of human exposure through the food chain. PCB exposure in infants is predominantly via breast milk, but limited evidence exists of significant toxicity associated with this mode of transmission. Breastfeeding should, therefore, continue to be encouraged on the basis of evidence of the benefits derived from human milk coupled with inconclusive proof that lactational PCB exposure has major detrimental effects on the overall health and development of infants.
长期以来，研究人员一直在争论接触多氯联苯（PCBs）对儿童的不利影响与母乳喂养的益处。在本文中，作者概述了多氯联苯对儿童已知的健康影响，并审视了有关通过母乳喂养造成产后接触风险的证据水平。多氯联苯的主要来源是环境，超过90%的人体接触是通过食物链。婴儿接触多氯联苯主要是通过母乳，但关于这种传播方式存在重大毒性的证据有限。因此，鉴于母乳有益的证据，以及哺乳期接触多氯联苯对婴儿整体健康和发育有重大不利影响的证据尚无定论，母乳喂养仍应继续得到鼓励。
